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Phumdi
phum phum‑thi | |
|---|---|
Phumdis | |
 Loktak Lake | |
  Phumdi Location in Manipur, India  Phumdi Phumdi (India) | |
| Coordinates: 24°30′00″N 93°46′00″E / 24.50000°N 93.76667°E | |
| Country |  India |
| State | Manipur |
| District | Bishnupur District |
| Area | |
• Total | 40 km2 (20 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 768.5 m (2,521.3 ft) |
| Languages | |
| • Official | Meitei (Manipuri) |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| Vehicle registration | MN |
| Nearest city | Moirang, Imphal |
| Precipitation | 1,220 millimetres (48 in) |
| Avg. summer temperature | 32 °C (90 °F) |
| Avg. winter temperature | 4 °C (39 °F) |
Phumdi (Meitei pronunciation: /pʰúm.dí/), also known as Phumthi (Meitei pronunciation: /pʰúm.tʰí/) or simply Phum (Meitei pronunciation: /pʰúm/),[1] are a series of floating islands, exclusive to the Loktak Lake in Manipur state, in northeastern India. They cover a substantial part of the lake area and are heterogeneous masses of vegetation, soil and organic matter, in different stages of decay. The largest single mass of phumdi is in the southeastern part of the lake, covering an area of 40 km2 (15.4 sq mi). This mass constitutes the world’s largest floating park, named Keibul Lamjao National Park. The park was formed to preserve the endangered Eld's deer subspecies, called sangai in the Meitei language, indigenous to this area.[2][3][4][5][6][7][8]
Phumdis are used by the local people for constructing their huts for fishing and other livelihood uses, and are inhabited by about 4000 people.[6][9] Athapums are artificial circular phumdis, built by the villagers as enclosures for fish farming; aquaculture has caused proliferation of the phumdis in the lake.[10][11][12]
- ^ Sharma, H. Surmangol (2006). "Learners' Manipuri-English dictionary.Phum, Phumthi and Phumdi". dsal.uchicago.edu. Retrieved 28 July 2022.
- ^ "Lake Profile:Loktak (Logtak)". worldlakes. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 4 April 2009.
- ^ Singh, S. Shyamjai. "Phumdi in Loktak Lake". Manipur: Indian Institute of Science and Loktak Development Authority. Retrieved 4 April 2009.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "Keibul Lamjao National Park Wild Life parks". journeymart.com. Wild Life Parks. Retrieved 4 April 2009.
- ^ Ramsar Convention website (The Ramsar Library). "Integrated Wetland and River Basin Management-A Case Study of Loktak Lake". River basin Initiative. Archived from the original on 24 July 2011. Retrieved 8 April 2010.
- ^ a b "Integrated wetland and river basin management: A Case Study of Loktak Lake". New Delhi, India: Wetlands International - South Asia. Retrieved 4 April 2009.
- ^ "Keibul Lamjao National Park". Archived from the original on 9 November 2005. Retrieved 14 April 2009.
- ^ Singh, E. Ishwarjit (2005). Manipur, a tourist paradise. University of Michigan. p. 73. ISBN 81-7646-506-2. Retrieved 14 April 2009.
- ^ Wangkheirakpam, Ramananda (1 January 2003). "Lessons from Loktak". Northeast Vigil. pp. link 1–5. Retrieved 4 April 2009.
- ^ Basu, D. Devarani, Loukham and Datta, Subhendu. "Participatory management for sustainable development of common water resources: A case study in Loktak Lake, Manipur, India". Retrieved 4 March 2010.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) [dead link] - ^ "East and Northeast India". Loktak Lake. Globes Travels. Archived from the original on 11 July 2011. Retrieved 9 March 2009.
- ^ "Sustainable Development & Water Resources Management of Loktak Lake (SDWRML)". India Canada Environment Facility(ICEF). May 2004. Archived from the original on 26 July 2011. Retrieved 4 April 2009.