Phytoene

Phytoene
Skeletal formula
Ball-and-stick model
Names
IUPAC name
15-cis-7,8,11,12,7′,8′,11′,12′-Octahydro-ψ,ψ-carotene
Systematic IUPAC name
(6E,10E,14E,16Z,18E,22E,26E)-2,6,10,14,19,23,27,31-Octamethyldotriaconta-2,6,10,14,16,18,22,26,30-nonaene
Other names
15-cis-Phytoene
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChEBI
ChemSpider
KEGG
UNII
  • InChI=1S/C40H64/c1-33(2)19-13-23-37(7)27-17-31-39(9)29-15-25-35(5)21-11-12-22-36(6)26-16-30-40(10)32-18-28-38(8)24-14-20-34(3)4/h11-12,19-22,27-30H,13-18,23-26,31-32H2,1-10H3/b12-11-,35-21+,36-22+,37-27+,38-28+,39-29+,40-30+ ☒N
    Key: YVLPJIGOMTXXLP-BHLJUDRVSA-N ☒N
  • CC(=CCC/C(=C/CC/C(=C/CC/C(=C/C=C\C=C(/C)\CC/C=C(\C)/CC/C=C(\C)/CCC=C(C)C)/C)/C)/C)C
Properties
C40H64
Molar mass 544.952 g·mol−1
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Phytoene (/ˈfaɪtoʊiːn/) is a 40-carbon intermediate in the biosynthesis of carotenoids.[1] The synthesis of phytoene is the first committed step in the synthesis of carotenoids in plants. Phytoene is produced from two molecules of geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) by the action of the enzyme phytoene synthase.[2] The two GGPP molecules are condensed together followed by removal of diphosphate and proton shift leading to the formation of phytoene.

Dietary phytoene and phytofluene are found in a number of human tissues including the liver, lung, breast, prostate, colon, and skin.[3] Accumulation of these carotenoids in the skin may protect the skin by several mechanisms: acting as UV absorbers, as antioxidants, and as anti-inflammatory agents.[4][5]

  1. ^ "Carotenoid Biosynthesis". Archived from the original on 2016-11-05. Retrieved 2009-02-25.
  2. ^ Phytoene synthase
  3. ^ Khachik, Frederick; Carvalho, Lorena; Bernstein, Paul S.; Muir, Garth J.; Zhao, Da-You; Katz, Nikita B. (November 2002). "Chemistry, Distribution, and Metabolism of Tomato Carotenoids and Their Impact on Human Health". Experimental Biology and Medicine. 227 (10): 845–851. doi:10.1177/153537020222701002. ISSN 1535-3702. PMID 12424324. S2CID 22671223.
  4. ^ Aust, W. Stahl, H. Sies, H. Tronnier, U. Heinrich (2005). "Supplementation with tomato-based products increases lycopene, phytofluene, and phytoene levels in human serum and protects against UV-light-induced erythema". Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 75 (1): 54–60. doi:10.1024/0300-9831.75.1.54. PMID 15830922.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  5. ^ B. B. Fuller; D. R. Smith; A. J. Howerton; D. Kern (2006). "Anti-inflammatory effects of CoQ10 and colorless carotenoids". Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology. 5 (1): 30–38. doi:10.1111/j.1473-2165.2006.00220.x. PMID 17173569. S2CID 9407768.