Pinapaitan

Pinapaitan
Stew of goat meat and offals
Alternative namesPapaitan, sangkutsar (singkutsar), sinanglaw (sinanglao)
TypeStew
CourseEntree
Place of originPhilippines
Region or stateIlocos region
Serving temperatureHot
Main ingredientsGoat (or beef), offals, bile (or cud)
Ingredients generally usedGinger, shallots (or onions), garlic, tamarind, bilimbi, chili pepper
VariationsFish,[1] carabao, kinigtot
Similar dishesKilawin, niu bie tang

Pinapaitan or papaitan (lit. "to [make] bitter") is a Filipino-Ilocano stew made with goat meat and offal and flavored with its bile, chyme, or cud (also known as papait).[2][3][4] This papait gives the stew its signature bitter flavor profile or "pait" (lit. "bitter"),[5][6] a flavor profile commonly associated with Ilocano cuisine.[7][8] Similar to other Ilocano meat dishes, pinapaitan does not contain any vegetables other than those used for flavoring.[9]

Various offal include tripe, kidneys, liver, heart, intestines, pancreas, and spleen. Hide and blood may also be added.[10][11][12] Alternately, it can be made with beef when goat is not available.[10] It also goes by the name sangkutsar from the Spanish term "sancochar" meaning "to parboil".[13][2][14] In Vigan and Pangasinan, pinapaitan made with beef is known as sinanglaw.[15]

It is enjoyed as a main dish served with rice or as pulutan (appetizer) with alcohol.[16] One researcher has suggested that the consumption of pinapaitan may be an underlying display of machismo, not dissimilar to extreme chili-eating competitions. Nevertheless, the consumption of bitter foods including bile is said to trigger the body's innate immunity, thus supporting disease prevention and promoting health.[17]

It has no relation to the similar sounding dish named paitan (白湯), a common soup for Japanese ramen.

  1. ^ Prein, M.; Oficial, R.; Bimbao, M.A.; Lopez, T. (2002). Aquaculture for diversification of small farms within forest buffer zone management: an example from the uplands of Quirino province, Philippines. In Rural aquaculture. Wallingford UK: CABI Publishing. p. 97-109.
  2. ^ a b Korten, G. B. (June 10, 2015). Sagana. Xlibris Corporation. ISBN 978-1-5035-4524-3. Retrieved October 7, 2023.
  3. ^ "Animal Industry". Philippine Journal of Animal Science. 3–6. Philippine Society of Animal Science.: 73 1966.
  4. ^ Constantino, Ernesto (March 31, 2019). Ilokano Dictionary. University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 978-0-8248-7902-0. Retrieved October 7, 2023.
  5. ^ Gapultos, Marvin (November 20, 2018). Pulutan! Filipino Bar Bites, Appetizers and Street Eats: (Filipino cookbook with over 60 Easy-to-Make Recipes). Tuttle Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4629-2036-5. Retrieved October 7, 2023.
  6. ^ Urbano, Chris (November 20, 2018). The World of Filipino Cooking: Food and Fun in the Philippines by Chris Urbano of "Maputing Cooking" (over 90 recipes). Tuttle Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4629-2041-9. Retrieved October 7, 2023.
  7. ^ Delgado, Karla P. (2004). Philippine Markets. Centro Escolar University. p. 26. ISBN 978-971-8865-11-8. Retrieved October 7, 2023.
  8. ^ Asiaweek. Asiaweek Limited. November 1994. Retrieved October 7, 2023.
  9. ^ "A Taste of Ilocos Norte". Museo Ilocos Norte. December 9, 2008. Retrieved October 7, 2023.
  10. ^ a b "Papaitan Recipe". Knorr. Unilever Philippines. Retrieved October 7, 2023.
  11. ^ Bartholomew, Rafe (June 1, 2010). Pacific Rims: Beermen Ballin' in Flip-Flops and the Philippines' Unlikely Love Affair with Basketball. Penguin. ISBN 978-1-101-18791-3. Retrieved October 7, 2023.
  12. ^ Gibson, Jessica (December 18, 2021). "How to Cook Papaitan: 8 Steps (with Pictures) - wikiHow Life". wikihow.life. Retrieved October 13, 2023.
  13. ^ "What Is Sangkutsa Method? | Pinoy Food Guide". Pinoy Food Guide. Retrieved October 7, 2023.
  14. ^ Torre, Visitacion R. De la (2006). The Ilocos Heritage. Tower Book House. ISBN 978-971-91030-9-7. Retrieved October 13, 2023.
  15. ^ Cacho-Sitchon, Kaye L. (April 25, 2021). "Sinanglaw for breakfast". ANCX. ABS-CBN. Retrieved October 7, 2023.
  16. ^ Cite error: The named reference porm was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  17. ^ Jacob-Ashkenazi, Jeanne Rebollido (April 26, 2021). "Beyond pulutan: What men really get out of papaitan and other bitter dishes, according to science". ANCX. ABS-CBN. Retrieved October 7, 2023.