Podosome

Podosome
Podosomes (yellow) in melanoma cells, along with cell nuclei (blue), actin (red), and an actin regulator (green).
Details
Identifiers
Latinpodosoma
MeSHD000069261
THH1.00.01.1.02034
Anatomical terminology

Podosomes are conical, actin-rich structures found as appendages on the outer surface of the plasma membrane of animal cells.[1][2] Their size ranges from approximately 0.5 μm to 2.0 μm in diameter. While usually situated on the periphery of the cellular membrane, these unique structures display a polarized pattern of distribution in migrating cells, situating at the front border between the lamellipodium and lamellum.[3] Their primary purpose is connected to cellular motility and invasion; therefore, they serve as both sites of attachment and degradation along the extracellular matrix. Many different specialized cells exhibit these dynamic structures such as invadopodia, (invasive cancer cells), osteoclasts, vascular smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, and certain immune cells such as macrophages and dendritic cells.[4]

  1. ^ Rottiers, P; Saltel, F; Daubon, T; Chaigne-Delalande, B; Tridon, V; Billottet, C; Reuzeau, E; Génot, E (Dec 1, 2009). "TGFbeta-induced endothelial podosomes mediate basement membrane collagen degradation in arterial vessels". Journal of Cell Science. 122 (Pt 23): 4311–8. doi:10.1242/jcs.057448. PMID 19887587.
  2. ^ Oikawa, T; Itoh, T; Takenawa, T (14 July 2008). "Sequential signals toward podosome formation in NIH-src cells". The Journal of Cell Biology. 182 (1): 157–69. doi:10.1083/jcb.200801042. PMC 2447888. PMID 18606851.
  3. ^ Calle, Y; Burns, S; Thrasher, AJ; Jones, GE (April 2006). "The leukocyte podosome". European Journal of Cell Biology. 85 (3–4): 151–7. doi:10.1016/j.ejcb.2005.09.003. PMID 16546557.
  4. ^ Gimona, M; Buccione, R; Courtneidge, SA; Linder, S (April 2008). "Assembly and biological role of podosomes and invadopodia". Current Opinion in Cell Biology. 20 (2): 235–41. doi:10.1016/j.ceb.2008.01.005. PMID 18337078.