Polish profanity

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The Polish language, like most others, contains swear words and profanity. Although some words are not always seen as pejorative, others are considered by some to be highly offensive. There is debate amongst scholars regarding the language's swear words that are considered to be the most derogatory.^[1][2][3][4]

In the Polish language, there exist different types of swearing (as coined by Steven Pinker); these include abusive, cathartic, dysphemistic, emphatic and idiomatic.^[5][6]

Research has suggested that Polish people perceive profanity differently depending on context, for example, swearing in public versus swearing in private.^[7] 65% of surveyed adults said they have sworn due to emotions and only 21% claimed they never swore.^[7]

The CBOS (Centrum Badania Opinii Społecznej; The Center for Public Opinion Research) has conducted surveys to examine the use of profanity. In the research report, it was pointed out that information given about the private sector might not be accurate, as it is a protected and idealized space, meaning that the subjects of the survey could be downplaying or changing their answers providing a false report.^{[8][clarification needed]}