Politics of Romania

Politics of Romania

Politica României
Polity typeUnitary semi-presidential republic
ConstitutionConstitution of Romania (1991)
Legislative branch
NameParliament
TypeBicameral
Meeting placePalace of the Parliament
Upper house
NameSenate
Presiding officerNicolae Ciucă, President of the Senate
Lower house
NameChamber of Deputies
Presiding officerDaniel Suciu, President of the Chamber of Deputies
Executive branch
Head of state
TitlePresident
CurrentlyKlaus Iohannis
AppointerDirect popular vote
Head of government
TitlePrime Minister
CurrentlyMarcel Ciolacu
AppointerPresident
Cabinet
NameGovernment of Romania
Current cabinetCiolacu Cabinet
LeaderPrime Minister
Deputy leaderDeputy Prime Minister
AppointerPresident
HeadquartersVictoria Palace
Ministries18
Judicial branch
NameJudiciary of Romania
High Court of Cassation and Justice
Chief judgeCorina Corbu
Constitutional Court

Romania's political framework is a semi-presidential representative democratic republic where the Prime Minister is the head of government while the President, according to the constitution, has a more symbolic role, is responsible for the foreign policy, signs certain decrees, approves laws promulgated by the parliament, and nominates the head of government (i.e. Prime Minister). Romania has a democratic, multi-party system, with legislative power vested in the government and the two chambers of the Parliament, more specifically the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate. The judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature. From 1948 until 1989, the communist rule political structure took place in the framework of a one-party socialist republic governed by the Romanian Communist Party (PCR) as its only legal party.

Romania's 1991 constitution (amended in 2003) proclaims it a democratic and social republic, deriving its sovereignty from the people. According to the constitution, "Human dignity, civic rights and freedoms, the unhindered development of human personality, justice, and political pluralism are supreme and guaranteed values."

The constitution provides for a President, a Parliament, a Constitutional Court, and a separate court system which includes the High Court of Cassation and Justice. The right to vote is granted to all citizens over 18 years of age.

The Economist Intelligence Unit rated Romania as a "flawed democracy" in 2023.[1]

  1. ^ "Democracy Index 2023". Economist Intelligence Unit. Retrieved 5 July 2024.