Polymetallic replacement deposit

"Mantos" redirects here. For other uses, see Manto.
Cartoon cross-section showing manto ore deposits (USGS)[1]

A polymetallic replacement deposit, also known as carbonate replacement deposit or high-temperature carbonate-hosted Ag-Pb-Zn deposit,[2] is an orebody of metallic minerals formed by the replacement of sedimentary, usually carbonate rock, by metal-bearing solutions in the vicinity of igneous intrusions.[3] When the ore forms a blanketlike body along the bedding plane of the rock, it is commonly called a manto ore deposit. Other ore geometries are chimneys and veins.[4] Polymetallic replacements/mantos are often stratiform wall-rock replacement orebodies distal to porphyry copper deposits,[5] or porphyry molybdenum deposits.[6] The term manto is derived from the Spanish word manto, meaning "mantle" or "cloak".

Although similar in orebody geometry, host-rock lithology, and the presence of lead and zinc, carbonate hosted lead zinc ore deposits, also known as Mississippi Valley type, are considered a different type of ore deposits. Mississippi valley type ore deposits lack silver and gold mineralization, are lower temperature, and are not associated with nearby igneous intrusions.

  1. ^ Plumlee, Geoffrey S., Maria Montour, Cliff D. Taylor, Alan R. Wallace, and Douglas P. Klein, Polymetallic vein and replacement deposits, 1995, US Geological Survey, Open-File Report OFR-95-0831, Chapter 14.
  2. ^ Megaw, P.K.M., Ruiz, J., and Titley, S.R., 1988, High-Temperature, Carbonate-Hosted Ag-Pb-Zn(Cu) Deposits of Northern Mexico: Economic Geology, v. 83, pp.1856-1885
  3. ^ Hal T. Morris, 1986, "Polymetallic replacement deposits," in Dennis P. Cox and Donald A. Singer, Mineral Deposit Models, US Geological Survey, Bulletin 1693, p.99-100.
  4. ^ Guilbert, John M. and Charles F. Park, Jr (1986) The Geology of Ore Deposits, W. H. Freeman pp. 77-79 ISBN 0-7167-1456-6
  5. ^ Sillitoe, Richard H. "Porphyry copper systems." Economic Geology 105.1 (2010): 3-41.
  6. ^ Ray, G., Webster, I., Megaw, P., McGlasson, J., and Glover, K., 2001, The Lustdust Property in Central British Columbia: A Polymetallic Zoned Porphyry-Skarn-Manto-Vein System: British Columbia Geological Survey Geological Fieldwork 2001, p. 257-280