Pomerania in the Early Middle Ages

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History of Pomerania
DUCATUS POMERANIAE Tabula Generalis, in qua sunt DUCATUS POMERANIAE, STETTINENSIS CASSUBIAE, VANDALIAE et BARDENSIS, PRINCIPATUS RUGIAE ac INSULAE, COMITATUS GUSKOVIENSIS
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Pomerania during the Early Middle Ages covers the History of Pomerania from the 7th to the 11th centuries.

The southward movement of Germanic tribes during the migration period had left territory later called Pomerania largely depopulated by the 7th century.[1] Between 650 and 850 AD, West Slavic tribes settled in Pomerania.[2][3] The tribes between the Oder and the Vistula were collectively known as Pomeranians, and those west of the Oder as Veleti and later Lutici. A distinct Slavic tribe, the Rani, was based on the island of Rügen and the adjacent mainland.[4][5] In the 8th and 9th centuries, Slavic-Scandinavian emporia were set up along the coastline as powerful centers of craft and trade.[6]

In 936, the Holy Roman Empire set up the Billung and Northern marches in Western Pomerania, divided by the Peene river. The Liutician federation regain independence in an uprising of 983 but succumbed to internal conflicts and disintegrated in the course of the 11th century.[7][8] In late 960s, Polish Piasts acquired parts of eastern Pomerania, where the short-lived Diocese of Kołobrzeg (Kolberg) was installed in 1000 AD. The Pomeranians regained independence during the Pomeranian uprising of 1005.[9][10][11][12][13][14][15][failed verification][16][17][18]

During the first half of the 11th century, the Liuticians participated in the Holy Roman Empire's wars against Piast Poland.[19] The alliance broke off when Poland was defeated,[20] and the Liutician federation broke apart in 1057 during a civil war.[21] The Liutician capital was destroyed by the Germans in 1068/69,[22] making way for the subsequent eastward expansion of their western neighbor, the Obodrite state. In 1093, the Luticians,[23] Pomeranians[23] and Rani[23] had to pay tribute to Obodrite prince Henry.[24]

  1. ^ Jan M Piskorski, Pommern im Wandel der Zeiten, 1999, p.26, ISBN 83-906184-8-6 OCLC 43087092
  2. ^ Ole Harck, Christian Lübke, Zwischen Reric und Bornhöved: Die Beziehungen zwischen den Dänen und ihren slawischen Nachbarn vom 9. Bis ins 13. Jahrhundert: Beiträge einer internationalen Konferenz, Leipzig, 4.-6. Dezember 1997, Franz Steiner Verlag, 2001, p.15, ISBN 3-515-07671-9
  3. ^ Jan M Piskorski, Pommern im Wandel der Zeiten, 1999, pp.29ff ISBN 83-906184-8-6 OCLC 43087092
  4. ^ Werner Buchholz, Pommern, Siedler, 1999, pp.22,23, ISBN 3-88680-272-8
  5. ^ Cite error: The named reference Piskorski30 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  6. ^ Ole Harck, Christian Lübke, Zwischen Reric und Bornhöved: Die Beziehungen zwischen den Dänen und ihren slawischen Nachbarn vom 9. Bis ins 13. Jahrhundert: Beiträge einer internationalen Konferenz, Leipzig, 4.-6. Dezember 1997, Franz Steiner Verlag, 2001, pp.15ff, ISBN 3-515-07671-9
  7. ^ Joachim Herrmann, Die Slawen in Deutschland, Akademie-Verlag Berlin, 1985, pp.261,345ff
  8. ^ Cite error: The named reference Harck27 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  9. ^ Jan M Piskorski, Pommern im Wandel der Zeiten, 1999, p.32, ISBN 83-906184-8-6 OCLC 43087092:pagan reaction of 1005
  10. ^ Werner Buchholz, Pommern, Siedler, 1999, p.25, ISBN 3-88680-272-8: pagan uprising that also ended the Polish suzerainty in 1005
  11. ^ Jürgen Petersohn, Der südliche Ostseeraum im kirchlich-politischen Kräftespiel des Reichs, Polens und Dänemarks vom 10. bis 13. Jahrhundert: Mission, Kirchenorganisation, Kultpolitik, Böhlau, 1979, p.43, ISBN 3-412-04577-2. 1005/13
  12. ^ Oskar Eggert, Geschichte Pommerns, Pommerscher Buchversand, 1974: 1005-1009
  13. ^ Roderich Schmidt, Das historische Pommern: Personen, Orte, Ereignisse, Böhlau, 2007, p.101, ISBN 3-412-27805-X. 1005/13
  14. ^ A. P. Vlasto, Entry of Slavs Christendom, CUP Archive, 1970, p.129, ISBN 0-521-07459-2: abandoned 1004 - 1005 in face of violent opposition
  15. ^ Nora Berend, Christianization and the Rise of Christian Monarchy: Scandinavia, Central Europe and Rus' C. 900-1200, Cambridge University Press, 2007, p.293, ISBN 0-521-87616-8, ISBN 978-0-521-87616-2
  16. ^ David Warner, Ottonian Germany: The Chronicon of Thietmar of Merseburg, Manchester University Press, 2001, p.358, ISBN 0-7190-4926-1, ISBN 978-0-7190-4926-2
  17. ^ Michael Borgolte, Benjamin Scheller, Polen und Deutschland vor 1000 Jahren: Die Berliner Tagung über den"akt von Gnesen", Akademie Verlag, 2002, p.282, ISBN 3-05-003749-0, ISBN 978-3-05-003749-3
  18. ^ Michael Müller-Wille, Rom und Byzanz im Norden: Mission und Glaubenswechsel im Ostseeraum während des 8.-14. Jahrhunderts: internationale Fachkonferenz der deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft in Verbindung mit der Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur, Mainz: Kiel, 18.-25. 9. 1994, 1997, p.105, ISBN 3-515-07498-8, ISBN 978-3-515-07498-8
  19. ^ Joachim Herrmann, Die Slawen in Deutschland, Akademie-Verlag Berlin, 1985, pp.356ff
  20. ^ Joachim Herrmann, Die Slawen in Deutschland, Akademie-Verlag Berlin, 1985, p.359
  21. ^ Joachim Herrmann, Die Slawen in Deutschland, Akademie-Verlag Berlin, 1985, p.365
  22. ^ Joachim Herrmann, Die Slawen in Deutschland, Akademie-Verlag Berlin, 1985, p.366
  23. ^ a b c Joachim Herrmann, Die Slawen in Deutschland, Akademie-Verlag Berlin, 1985, p.379
  24. ^ Joachim Herrmann, Die Slawen in Deutschland, Akademie-Verlag Berlin, 1985, p.367