Pope Nicholas III

History
History
Cardinalate
Elevated by	Pope Innocent IV
Date	28 May 1244

History
Ordination history of; Pope Nicholas III
Elevated by
History
Cardinalate
Elevated by	Pope Innocent IV
Date	28 May 1244
Thrugot Thorstensen
Episcopal succession
Bishops consecrated by Pope Nicholas III as principal consecrator
Thrugot Thorstensen	27 December 1277
Willem van Moerbeke, O.P.	9 April 1278
John Peckham, O.F.M.	19 February 1279
Heinrich Fleming	21 March 1279
William Wickwane	17 September 1279
Nicholas Cusack, O.F.M.	15 May 1280
William Fraser	19 May 1280
Fernando Covarrubias, O.F.M.	Sometime between 21 May 1280 to 22 August 1280

Pope

Nicholas III
Pope; Nicholas III
Bishop of Rome
	13th century fresco in the Sancta Sanctorum (Lateran, Rome) depicting Nicholas III offering the church to Christ
Church	Catholic Church
Papacy began	25 November 1277
Papacy ended	22 August 1280
Predecessor	John XXI
Successor	Martin IV
Previous post(s)	Cardinal-Deacon of San Nicola in Carcere (1244–1277); Archpriest of Saint Peter's Basilica (1276–1277);
Orders
Created cardinal	28 May 1244; by Innocent IV
Personal details
Born	Giovanni Gaetano Orsini; c. 1225; Rome, Papal States
Died	22 August 1280 (aged 54–55); Viterbo, Papal States
Coat of arms
	Other popes named Nicholas

Pope Nicholas III (Latin: Nicolaus III; c. 1225 – 22 August 1280), born Giovanni Gaetano Orsini,^[1] was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 25 November 1277 to his death on 22 August 1280.

He was a Roman nobleman who had served under eight popes, been made Cardinal-Deacon of St. Nicola in Carcere Tulliano by Pope Innocent IV (1243–54), protector of the Franciscans by Pope Alexander IV (1254–61), inquisitor-general by Pope Urban IV (1261–64), and succeeded Pope John XXI (1276–77) after a six-month vacancy in the Holy See resolved in the papal election of 1277,^[2] largely through family influence.

^ George L. Williams, Papal Genealogy: The Families and Descendants of the Popes, (McFarland & Company Inc., 1998), 36. Richard Sternfeld, Der Kardinal Johann Gaëtan Orsini, in a separate Excursus I, pp. 315–316, argues for a date of birth around 1216. He points out that one must take into account that Giovanni Gaetano's mother was a first wife.
^ Cite error: The named reference EB1911 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[1] George L. Williams, Papal Genealogy: The Families and Descendants of the Popes, (McFarland & Company Inc., 1998), 36. Richard Sternfeld, Der Kardinal Johann Gaëtan Orsini, in a separate Excursus I, pp. 315–316, argues for a date of birth around 1216. He points out that one must take into account that Giovanni Gaetano's mother was a first wife.

[EB1911-2] Cite error: The named reference EB1911 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

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