Portal:1970s

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P:1970s

The 1970s (pronounced "nineteen-seventies"; commonly shortened to the "Seventies" or the "'70s") was a decade that began on January 1, 1970, and ended on December 31, 1979.

In the 21st century, historians have increasingly portrayed the 1970s as a "pivot of change" in world history, focusing especially on the economic upheavals^[1] that followed the end of the postwar economic boom.^[2] On a global scale, it was characterized by frequent coups, domestic conflicts and civil wars, and various political upheavals and armed conflicts which arose from or were related to decolonization, and the global struggle between NATO, the Warsaw Pact, and the Non-Aligned Movement. Many regions had periods of high-intensity conflict, notably Southeast Asia, the Mideast, and Africa.

In the Western world, social progressive values that began in the 1960s, such as increasing political awareness and economic liberty of women, continued to grow. In the United Kingdom, the 1979 election resulted in the victory of its Conservative leader Margaret Thatcher, the first female British Prime Minister. Industrialized countries experienced an economic recession due to an oil crisis caused by oil embargoes by the Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries. The crisis saw the first instance of stagflation which began a political and economic trend of the replacement of Keynesian economic theory with neoliberal economic theory, with the first neoliberal government coming to power with the 1973 Chilean coup d'état. The 1970s was also an era of great technological and scientific advances; since the appearance of the first commercial microprocessor, the Intel 4004 in 1971, the decade was characterised by a profound transformation of computing units – by then rudimentary, spacious machines – into the realm of portability and home accessibility.

On the other hand, there were also great advances in fields such as physics, which saw the consolidation of quantum field theory at the end of the decade, mainly thanks to the confirmation of the existence of quarks and the detection of the first gauge bosons in addition to the photon, the Z boson and the gluon, part of what was christened in 1975 as the Standard Model.

In Asia, the People's Republic of China's international relations changed significantly following its recognition by the United Nations, the death of Mao Zedong and the beginning of market liberalization by Mao's successors. Despite facing an oil crisis due to the OPEC embargo, the economy of Japan witnessed a large boom in this period, overtaking the economy of West Germany to become the second-largest in the world.^[3] The United States withdrew its military forces from the Vietnam War. In 1979, the Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan, which led to the Soviet–Afghan War.

The 1970s saw an initial increase in violence in the Middle East as Egypt and Syria declared war on Israel, but in the late 1970s, the situation in the Middle East was fundamentally altered when Egypt signed the Egyptian–Israeli Peace Treaty. Political tensions in Iran exploded with the Iranian Revolution in 1979, which overthrew the Pahlavi dynasty and established an Islamic republic under the leadership of Ayatollah Khomeini.

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New wave is a music genre that encompasses pop-oriented styles from the 1970s through the 1980s. It is considered a lighter and more melodic "broadening of punk culture". It was originally used as a catch-all for the various styles of music that emerged after punk rock. Later, critical consensus favored "new wave" as an umbrella term involving many contemporary popular music styles, including synth-pop, alternative dance and post-punk. The main new wave movement coincided with late 1970s punk and continued into the early 1980s.

The common characteristics of new wave music include a humorous or quirky pop approach, angular guitar riffs, jerky rhythms, the use of electronics, and a distinctive visual style in fashion. In the early 1980s, virtually every new pop and rock act – and particularly those that employed synthesizers – were tagged as "new wave" in the United States. Although new wave shares punk's do-it-yourself philosophy, the musicians were more influenced by the styles of the 1950s along with the lighter strains of 1960s pop and were opposed to the generally abrasive, political bents of punk rock, as well as what was considered to be creatively stagnant "corporate rock". (Full article...)

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... that in the 1970s, the Shelton Hotel avoided demolition after seven elderly residents and a secretary refused to move out?
... that during the 1970s, future Indonesian president Habibie would go to a specific noodle shop every lunchtime?
... that in the 1970s, residents of the Belnord in New York City had to sneak in refrigerators at night?
... that the art of Irma Blank, of "drawing languages without words" and including sounds, was recognised in the 1970s but fell into obscurity until a rediscovery in the 2010s?
... that health economist Selma Mushkin estimated in the early 1970s that up to 50 percent of poor children in Washington, D.C., were affected by lead poisoning?
... that the Indian director Manhar Raskapur's films Mulu Manek and Kadu Makrani were both remade during the 1970s?

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Kuti in 1970

Fela Aníkúlápó Kútì (born Olufela Olusegun Oludotun Ransome-Kuti; 15 October 1938 – 2 August 1997) was a Nigerian musician and political activist. He is regarded as the principal innovator of Afrobeat, a Nigerian music genre that combines West African music with American funk and jazz. At the height of his popularity, he was referred to as one of Africa's most "challenging and charismatic music performers". AllMusic described him as "a musical and sociopolitical voice" of international significance.

Kuti was the son of Nigerian women's rights activist Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti. After early experiences abroad, he and his band Africa '70 (featuring drummer and musical director Tony Allen) shot to stardom in Nigeria during the 1970s, during which he was an outspoken critic and target of Nigeria's military juntas. In 1970, he founded the Kalakuta Republic commune, which declared itself independent from military rule. The commune was destroyed in a 1978 raid that injured Kuti and his mother. He was jailed by the government of Muhammadu Buhari in 1984, but released after 20 months. He continued to record and perform through the 1980s and 1990s. Since his death in 1997, reissues and compilations of his music have been overseen by his son, Femi Kuti. (Full article...)

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The following are images from various 1970s-related articles on Wikipedia.

Image 1Siouxsie Sioux of the English punk group Siouxsie and the Banshees. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 2Two punks from the late 1970s (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 3Line at a gas station in Maryland, June 15, 1979. (from 1970s)
Image 4Pink Floyd, 1973 (from 1970s in music)
Image 5An artist impression of an American Apollo spacecraft and Soviet Soyuz spacecraft docking, a propaganda portrait for the Apollo–Soyuz Test Project mission (from 1970s)
Image 6Swedish model Efva Attling in a "midi" dress, Kings Road, London, 1971. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 7The British band The Bee Gees were one of the biggest musical acts of the 1970s leading the disco phenomenon (from 1970s in music)
Image 8TRS-80 (1977) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 9Anti-war protest against the Vietnam War in Washington, D.C., on April 24, 1971. (from 1970s)
Image 10Charlie Rich (from 1970s in music)
Image 11 Fairchild Channel F (1976) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 12Asteroids (1979) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 13Linda Ronstadt in 1976 (from 1970s in music)
Image 14The world map of military alliances in 1970s: Western allies (blue), Non-aligned countries (green) and Soviet allies (red) (from 1970s)
Image 15Idi Amin (from 1970s)
Image 16Woman in miniskirt, 1970 (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 17Park Chung Hee (from 1970s)
Image 18Henry Mancini (from 1970s in music)
Image 19Footballer George Best wore long hair in 1976. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 20Kansas (from 1970s in music)
Image 21The Bee Gees, in 1968 (from 1970s in music)
Image 22British rock band Killing Floor, 1971. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 23Bruce Lee fostered the popularity of martial arts cinema (from 1970s)
Image 24Intellivision (1979) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 25A young woman wearing a wrap dress. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 26Margaret Thatcher shortly before becoming the United Kingdom's first woman Prime Minister in 1979. Thatcher's political and economic agenda began the first government committed to neoliberalism. (from 1970s)
Image 27Galaxian (1979) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 28United States President Jimmy Carter and Soviet Premier Leonid Brezhnev sign the SALT II treaty, June 18, 1979, in Vienna, Austria (from 1970s)
Image 29Home Pong console (museum recreation) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 30Death Race (1976) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 31David Bowie in the early 1970s. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 32Concorde landing at Farnborough in September 1974 (from 1970s)
Image 33VT100 (1978) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 34Los Angeles high school students, 1973. The tousled, blond surfer hair was popular for young men in southern California. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 35Elton John was one of the most commercially successful solo pop acts of the 1970s (from 1970s in music)
Image 36Alan Bennett in 1973, wearing a wide necktie (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 37Jose Jose (from 1970s in music)
Image 38Haile Selassie was overthrown from power in Ethiopia, ending one of the longest-lasting monarchies in world history. (from 1970s)
Image 39British singer Rod Stewart, 1976. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 40Salah Zulfikar and Zubaida Tharwat in The Other Man (1973) (from 1970s)
Image 41The Vietnam War (1955–1975) (from 1970s)
Image 42Pakistan Army General A. A. K. Niazi signing surrender agreement before Sh. Jagjit Singh Aurora of Indian Army after getting defeated in the 1971 Bangladesh Liberation War against East Pakistan, which eventually liberated as Bangladesh later. (from 1970s)
Image 431976 flyer advertising the racing game Fonz (from 1970s in video games)
Image 44Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin and Egyptian President Anwar Sadat shake hands, Camp David, 1978 (from 1970s)
Image 45By the early 1970s, miniskirts had reached an all-time popularity. This young English woman is wearing a fringed suede miniskirt, 1971. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 46Ramones's lead guitarist Johnny Ramone performing in Toronto, 1977 (from 1970s in music)
Image 47Magnavox Odyssey (1972) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 48In 1971 hotpants and bell-bottomed trousers were popular fashion trends (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 49Clockwise from top left: U.S. President Richard Nixon doing the V for Victory sign after his resignation from office following the Watergate scandal in 1974; The United States was still involved in the Vietnam War in the early decade. The New York Times leaked information regarding the nation's involvement in the war. Political pressure led to America's withdrawal from the war in 1973, and the Fall of Saigon in 1975 leading to evacuations of South Vietnamese that same year; the 1973 oil crisis causes a financial crisis throughout the developed world; both the leaders of Israel and Egypt shake hands after the signing of the Camp David Accords in 1978; in 1971, the Pakistan Armed Forces commits the 1971 Bangladesh genocide to curb independence movements in East Pakistan, killing 300,000 to 3,000,000 people; this consequently leads to the Bangladesh Liberation War; the 1970 Bhola cyclone kills an estimated 500,000 people in the densely populated Ganges Delta region of East Pakistan in November 1970, and became the deadliest natural disaster in 40 years; the Iranian Revolution of 1979 ousts Mohammad Reza Pahlavi who is later replaced by an Islamic theocracy led by Ayatollah Khomeini; the popularity of the disco music genre and subculture peaks during the mid-to-late 1970s.
(from 1970s)
Image 50The Eagles (from 1970s in music)
Image 51Willie Nelson became one of the most popular country music artists during the 1970s. (from 1970s in music)
Image 52A Women's Liberation march in Washington, D.C., 1970 (from 1970s)
Image 53Commodore PET (1977) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 54The Swedish band ABBA was one of the most commercially successful European bands of the 1970s (from 1970s in music)
Image 55Bob Marley, 1980 (from 1970s in music)
Image 56Singer Billy Preston in 1974 wearing an Afro hairstyle. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 571974 Ford Mustang interior (from 1970s)
Image 58Example of glam rock costume worn by Roy Wood and Wizzard, early 1970s. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 59Voyager 1 passing by Jupiter's Great Red Spot February 25, 1979 (from 1970s)
Image 60King Faisal bin Abdulaziz Al Saud (from 1970s)
Image 61Girl in 1973 with a "flicked" hairstyle. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 62Pink Floyd performing The Dark Side of the Moon in 1973, the highest-selling album of the decade and one of the highest-selling of all time. (from 1970s)
Image 63English girl in the mid-1970s wearing a wide-sleeved shirt, belted at the waist. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 64Queen, 1975 (from 1970s in music)
Image 65AC/DC, August 1979 (from 1970s in music)
Image 66Diane von Fürstenberg's wrap dress, designed in the 1970s (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 67Two women in 1979 wear the trendy tube tops, while the woman on the far left is wearing a rayon strapless dress (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 68The 1970 Bhola cyclone, considered the 20th century's worst cyclone disaster, kills an estimated 500,000 people in the densely populated Ganges Delta region of East Pakistan during November 1970. (from 1970s)
Image 69Actress Camille Keaton in 1972. Throughout most of the decade, women preferred light, natural-looking make-up for the daytime. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 70Apple II (1977) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 71Microvision (1979) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 72Flared jeans and trousers were popular with both sexes as can be seen at this East German disco party in 1977. In the socialist part of Germany (until 1990), the government regarded western influences on cultural life of their population very critical, but factually tolerated them in many fields. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 73Color TV-Game (1977) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 74Three Los Angeles Chicanos in 1974. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 75Aldo Moro (from 1970s)
Image 76British rock band Led Zeppelin was one of the most popular and influential bands of the 1970s. The band's heavy, guitar-driven sound has led them to be cited as one of the progenitors of heavy metal. (from 1970s)
Image 77Singer Barry Manilow wears his hair longish in the soft, layered style favoured by men in the 1970s. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 78Swedish model Ulla Jones dressed in a lurex halter top and matching flared trousers (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 79Debbie Harry of Blondie in 1977. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 80Paul Anka in 1961 (from 1970s in music)
Image 81Singer Rod Stewart performing in 1976. He was one of the major British soft rock artists of the 1970s (from 1970s in music)
Image 82Apollo 17 Astronaut Gene Cernan becomes the last man on the Moon, December 13, 1972 (from 1970s)
Image 83Viking 1, the first of two spacecraft sent to Mars, takes this picture of the landing site in Chryse Planitia (1978) (from 1970s)
Image 84Led Zeppelin, 1977 (from 1970s in music)
Image 85Typical mid to late 1970s Ted gear, as worn by Shakin' Stevens. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 86Pong arcade machine (1972) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 87Nixon and Zhou toast, 1972 (from 1970s)
Image 88Microvision (1979) is the first handheld game console that used interchangeable cartridges. (from 1970s)
Image 89Pong (1972) (from 1970s)
Image 90John Denver, 1975 (from 1970s in music)
Image 91Mid-70s Western-inspired outifts worn by country music group Asleep at the Wheel. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 921979 Iranian Revolution (from 1970s)
Image 93El Tri Band founder Alex Lora, on stage with the band in 2006 (from 1970s in music)
Image 94Susana Giménez wearing hotpants, 1977 (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 95Nixon displays the V-for-victory sign as he departs the White House after resigning (from 1970s)
Image 96Iranian prince Reza Pahlavi wearing Peacock Revolution-inspired velvet Nehru jacket and geometric print scarf, 1973. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 97Rigo Tovar (from 1970s in music)
Image 98Polistil VG2 Pong clone (1978), made in Italy (from 1970s in video games)
Image 99Frisbee player Ken Westerfield wearing draw string bell bottoms in the 1970s (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 1001973 Volvo P1800 sportwagon. (from 1970s)
Image 101American First Lady Pat Nixon wears a shirt with the wide collar that was popular until the final years of the decade. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 102Steve McQueen with sideburns, 1972. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 103A West German school girl with Schultüte in 1970, with a 'hippyish' outfit on. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 104Debby Boone song "You Light Up My Life" had the most weeks at number one (from 1970s in music)
Image 105Fashion models in Leipzig, GDR, 1972. One of the girls is modelling a "maxi" dress. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 106Punk pioneer Lene Lovich in 1979, with her trademark long plaited hair. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 107A couple at prom in late 1970s: Powder Tuxedo and sleeved dress. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 108Honda Civic sold well throughout the decade. (from 1970s)
Image 109African American couple, Michigan Avenue, Chicago, July 1975 (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 110The CN Tower was completed in 1976, becoming the world's tallest free-standing structure. (from 1970s)
Image 1111970 Dodge Challenger Trans Am, an example of a muscle car in the earlier part of the decade. (from 1970s)
Image 112In the 1970s, women's hair was usually worn long with a centre parting (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 113Hank Williams (from 1970s in music)
Image 114Dave Schultz won Stanley Cup two times (from 1970s)
Image 115Redd Foxx and Demond Wilson from Sanford and Son (from 1970s)
Image 116Isabel Perón becomes the first woman President of Argentina in 1974 and the first woman non-monarch head of state in the Western hemisphere. (from 1970s)
Image 117Mao Zedong wearing gray Zhongshan suit, 1972. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 118The early 1970s' fashions were a continuation of the hippie look from the late 1960s. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 119Loretta Lynn (from 1970s in music)
Image 120Silk scarves were popular fashion accessories for women in the 1970s. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 121British girls in 1975 in flared jeans (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 122British rock band Queen (pictured here in 1977) was considered to be one of the most influential bands of the '70s (as well as the '80s), along with American rock band Eagles and others (from 1970s)
Image 123Aerosmith had seven studio albums chart on the Billboard 200 in the 1970s. Their success in the decade, particularly of their albums Toys in the Attic (1975) and Rocks (1976), helped inspire future rock artists such as Slash and Kurt Cobain (from 1970s in music)
Image 124America's first space station Skylab in orbit February 8, 1974 (from 1970s)
Image 125American casual attire, 1974. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 126Egyptian military vehicles crossing the Suez Canal on October 7, 1973, during the Yom Kippur War. (from 1970s)

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