All times UT unless otherwise specified.
 January 2012
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| Date | Time | Celestial Object | Category | Event | Mathematical Values | Notes |
| 01 January | 06:15 | Moon | Lunar Phases | First quarter moon | Diameter = 29.7 ' | Twice in the same month |
| 02 January | 20:20 | Moon | Apsis | Moon at apogee | Diameter = 29.5 ' Moon-Earth Distance = 404 589 kms |
Twice in the same month |
| 23:54 | Moon | Conjunction of Planets with the Moon | Jupiter 4.8º south of Moon | |||
| 04 January | Meteoroid | Meteor shower | Quadrantids peak | |||
| 22:00 | Earth | Apsis | Earth at perihelion | Its closest to the Sun for the year (just 1 part in 30 closer than at aphelion in July) | ||
| Mercury | Constellation | Mercury enters into the constellation Sagittarius | ||||
| 06 January | 21:00 | Moon | Lunar node | Moon at descending node | Diameter = 30.1 ' Furthest North (22.5) |
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| 09 January | 07:32 | Moon | Lunar Phases | Full moon | Diameter = 30.9 ' | |
| Venus | Constellation | Venus enters into the constellation Aquarius | ||||
| 13 January | 08:46 | Mercury | Conjunction of Planets | Mercury 4.6º south of Pluto | ||
| 07:07 | Venus | Conjunction of Planets | Venus 1.1º south of Neptune | |||
| 14 January | 00:47 | Moon | Conjunction of Planets with the Moon | Mars 8.4º north of Moon | ||
| Sun | Constellation | Sun enters into the constellation Capricorn | ||||
| 16 January | 09:08 | Moon | Lunar Phases | Last Quarter Moon | Diameter = 32.3 ' | |
| 17 January | 21:00 | Meteoroid | Meteor shower | Delta Cancrids peak | ||
| 21:29 | Moon | Apsis | Moon at perigee | Diameter = 32.3 ' Moon-Earth Distance = 369 899 kms |
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| 15:41 | Moon | Conjunction of Planets with the Moon | Saturn 6.0º north of Moon | |||
| 18 January | Mercury | Apsis | Mercury at aphelion | Diameter = 4.9 " | ||
| 20 January | 02:00 | Moon | Lunar node | Moon at ascending node | Diameter = 32.2 ' Furthest South (- 22.4) |
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| Saturn | Quadrature | Saturn at western quadrature | Diameter = 17.1 " | |||
| 21 January | 12:00 | Moon | Conjunction of Planets with the Moon | Pluto 1.7º north of Moon | ||
| 22 January | 11:15 | Moon | Conjunction of Planets with the Moon | Mercury 4.6º south of Moon | ||
| Jupiter | Quadrature | Jupiter at eastern quadrature | Diameter = 40.4 " | |||
| 23 January | 07:39 | Moon | Lunar Phases | New moon | Diameter = 31.4 ' | |
| 24 January | Mercury | Constellation | Mercury enters into the constellation Capricorn | |||
| 23:00 | Mars | Stationary | Mars at western stationary point | Diameter = 11.0 " | ||
| 25 January | 08:22 | Moon | Conjunction of Planets with the Moon | Neptune 5.5º south of Moon | ||
| 26 January | 13:19 | Moon | Conjunction of Planets with the Moon | Venus 6.2º south of Moon | ||
| 27 January | 21:59 | Moon | Conjunction of Planets with the Moon | Uranus 5.5º south of Moon | ||
| 30 January | 12:07 | Moon | Conjunction of Planets with the Moon | Jupiter 4.3º south of Moon | ||
| 17:43 | Moon | Apsis | Moon at apogee | Diameter = 29.6 ' Moon-Earth Distance = 404 326 kms |
Twice in the same month | |
| 31 January | 04:00 | Moon | Lunar Phases | First quarter moon | Diameter = 29.6 ' | Twice in the same month |
| 433 Eros | 433 Eros will pass the Earth | Visual Magnitude = + 8.1 Eros-Earth Distance = 0.17867 AU (26,729,000 km; 16,608,000 mi) |
About 70 times the distance to the Moon | |||