Post-Western era

For the era of American history after the 'Wild West', see American frontier § End of the frontier.
Chinese President Xi Jinping in the Russian Duma. The post-Western era is often conjectured to be one dominated by Asian powers such as China.
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The post-Western era, considered by some to overlap with the post-American era,[1][2][3] is a conjectured time period starting around the 21st century or afterward in which the West is no longer dominant, and other civilizations (particularly Asian ones)[4] gain power.[5][6] In the context of rising Asian powers (sometimes as part of a broader Global East)[7] or a rising Global South, the terms Easternization and Southernization respectively are sometimes applied (analogous to Westernization).[8][9][10][11][12]

Proponents often argue in favor of a post-Western era by pointing out Western abuses of power during the colonial and post-colonial eras,[13][14] while opponents argue that Western values and civilization are pivotal to human progress and an orderly world, and that a post-Western world might not honor them to the same extent as the West has.[15][16] However, in the Western World itself, there is an identity crisis as the result of perceived impacts of Woke culture and moral decline and the rising immigrant population in the Western World because of instability in their homelands and the impact of the War on terror and also be attracted with opportunity to earn high income when working in the Western Nations.[17][18][19][dubious – discuss]

  1. ^ Normative Power Europe: Introductory Observations on a Controversial Notion Andre Gerrits
  2. ^ Ang, Ien (October 2014). "Not yet post-Asia: Paradoxes of identity and knowledge in transitional times | Intellect". Asian Cinema. 25 (2): 125–137. doi:10.1386/ac.25.2.125_7. Retrieved 2024-04-11.
  3. ^ Brummer, Chris (2014-04-07). Minilateralism: How Trade Alliances, Soft Law and Financial Engineering are Redefining Economic Statecraft. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-05314-4.
  4. ^ Stuenkel, Oliver. "The Post-Western World and the Rise of a Parallel Order". thediplomat.com. Retrieved 2023-11-16.
  5. ^ Serfaty, Simon (2012). A World Recast: An American Moment in a Post-Western Order. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. ISBN 978-1-4422-1589-4.[page needed]
  6. ^ Roulleau-Berger, Laurence (2016). Post-Western Revolution in Sociology. doi:10.1163/9789004309982. ISBN 978-90-04-30998-2.[page needed]
  7. ^ Tian, Qingyan (2022), Dhiman, Satinder; Marques, Joan; Schmieder-Ramirez, June; Malakyan, Petros G. (eds.), "Strengthening Global Leadership Studies", Handbook of Global Leadership and Followership: Integrating the Best Leadership Theory and Practice, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 1–25, doi:10.1007/978-3-030-75831-8_56-1, ISBN 978-3-030-75831-8, retrieved 2024-01-06
  8. ^ Ritzer, George (2010). Globalization: A Basic Text. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-4051-3271-8.
  9. ^ Campbell, Kurt (2016-08-12). "'Easternisation: War and Peace in the Asian Century', by Gideon Rachman". Financial Times. Retrieved 2023-11-19.
  10. ^ Mahler, Anne Garland. ""Global South." Oxford Bibliographies in Literary and Critical Theory, ed Eugene O'Brien. New York: Oxford University Press, 2017". {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  11. ^ "The South in "Global IR": Worlding Beyond the "Non-West" in the Case of Brazil". Retrieved 2023-11-19.
  12. ^ Phillips, Andrew; Sharman, J. C. (2015-04-23). International Order in Diversity: War, Trade and Rule in the Indian Ocean. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-316-29997-5.
  13. ^ "The Emerging World Order is Post-Western and Pre-Plural". Institut Montaigne. Retrieved 2023-11-16.
  14. ^ Marshall, Yannick Giovanni. "The future is post-Western". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 2023-11-16.
  15. ^ Aybet, Gülnur (2017-04-29). "Making the most of a post-Western world". Daily Sabah. Retrieved 2023-11-16.
  16. ^ Stuenkel, Oliver (2017). Post-Western World: How Emerging Powers Are Remaking Global Order. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-5095-0458-9.[page needed]
  17. ^ Steven Tucker (18 July 2024). "A conspiracy of kindness? How woke won over the Western world – largely by accident". MercatorNet. Retrieved 5 November 2024.
  18. ^ Susan Neiman (27 June 2023). "The Fatal Tension at the Heart of Wokeism". Time. Retrieved 5 November 2024.
  19. ^ Tom Switzer (30 December 2023). "Instead of facing up to moral decline, the West is lowering its standards". The Centre for Independent Studies. Retrieved 5 November 2024.