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| Information mapping |
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Problem structuring methods (PSMs) are a group of techniques used to model or to map the nature or structure of a situation or state of affairs that some people want to change.[1] PSMs are usually used by a group of people in collaboration (rather than by a solitary individual) to create a consensus about, or at least to facilitate negotiations about, what needs to change.[2] Some widely adopted PSMs[1] include
- soft systems methodology[3]
- the strategic choice approach[4]
- strategic options development and analysis (SODA)[5]
Unlike some problem solving methods that assume that all the relevant issues and constraints and goals that constitute the problem are defined in advance or are uncontroversial, PSMs assume that there is no single uncontested representation of what constitutes the problem.[6]
PSMs are mostly used with groups of people, but PSMs have also influenced the coaching and counseling of individuals.[7]
- ^ a b Rosenhead 2013, p. 1162
- ^ Rosenhead 1996, p. 117
- ^ Checkland & Poulter 2006
- ^ Friend & Hickling 2005
- ^ Reynolds & Holwell 2010, pp. 135–190
- ^ Rosenhead 1996, p. 118
- ^ For example: Chatjoulis & Humphreys 2007