Proconnesus (city)

Proconnesus or Prokonnesos (Ancient Greek: Προκόννησος), also spelt Proeconesus or Proikonnesos (Προικόνησος),[1] was a Greek town on the southwestern shore of Proconnesus island. Aristeas, the poet of the Arimaspeia, was a native.[2][3] This town, which was a colony of the Milesians,[4] was burnt by a Phoenician fleet, acting under the orders of Persian king Darius I.[5] Strabo distinguishes between old and new Proconnesus. The inhabitants of Cyzicus, at a time which we cannot ascertain, forced the Proconnesians to dwell together with them, and transferred the statue of the goddess Dindymene to their own city.[6]

Under Diocletian's edict against Manichaeism, De Maleficiis et Manichaeis, offenders were sent to labor in the mines at Proconnesus.[7]

Its site is located near the town of Marmara on Marmara Island, Balıkesir Province, Turkey.[8][9]

  1. ^ Zosimus, Nova Historia 2.30, Hierocles. Synecdemus. Vol. p. 662.
  2. ^ Herodotus. Histories. Vol. 4.14.
  3. ^ Strabo. Geographica. Vol. xiii. p. 589. Page numbers refer to those of Isaac Casaubon's edition.
  4. ^ Strabo. Geographica. Vol. xii. p. 587. Page numbers refer to those of Isaac Casaubon's edition.
  5. ^ Herodotus. Histories. Vol. 6.33.
  6. ^ Pausanias (1918). "46.2". Description of Greece. Vol. 8. Translated by W. H. S. Jones; H. A. Ormerod. Cambridge, Massachusetts; London: Harvard University Press; William Heinemann – via Perseus Digital Library.
  7. ^ Iain Gardner and Samuel N. C. Lieu, eds., Manichaean Texts from the Roman Empire (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004), 117–18.
  8. ^ Richard Talbert, ed. (2000). Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World. Princeton University Press. p. 52, and directory notes accompanying. ISBN 978-0-691-03169-9.
  9. ^ Lund University. Digital Atlas of the Roman Empire.