Programmer (hardware)

Engineering Universal Programmer with two socket.
Pocket Programmer Galep-5 with a ZIF socket
Universal Gang Programmer with 16 sockets
BPM 3928 Automated Programming System
The 3928, with up to seven sites,  is made for programming large data devices, such as  MCUs, eMMC HS400, NAND, NOR and Serial Flash devices.  High-speed signals support devices up to 200 MHz and the latest eMMC HS400 modes with data transfer rates of 2.5 nanoseconds per byte.

In the context of installing firmware onto a device, a programmer, device programmer, chip programmer, device burner,[1]: 364  or PROM writer[2] is a device that writes, a.k.a. burns, firmware to a target device's non-volatile memory.[3]: 3 

Typically, the target device memory is one of the following types: PROM, EPROM, EEPROM, Flash memory, eMMC, MRAM, FeRAM, NVRAM, PLD, PLA, PAL, GAL, CPLD, FPGA.

  1. ^ Cite error: The named reference Muller 2003 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  2. ^ Cressler, John D. (2017). Silicon Earth: Introduction to Microelectronics and Nanotechnology, Second Edition. CRC Press. ISBN 9781351830201.
  3. ^ Czerwinski, Robert; Kania, Dariusz (2013). Finite State Machine Logic Synthesis for Complex Programmable Logic Devices. Springer Science & Business Media. ISBN 9783642361661.