Prometaphase

Prometaphase is the phase of mitosis following prophase and preceding metaphase in eukaryotic somatic cells. In prometaphase, the nuclear membrane breaks apart into numerous "membrane vesicles," and the chromosomes inside form protein structures called kinetochores.[1] Kinetochore microtubules emerging from the centrosomes at the poles (ends) of the spindle reach the chromosomes and attach to the kinetochores,[1] throwing the chromosomes into agitated motion.[2] Other spindle microtubules make contact with microtubules coming from the opposite pole. Forces exerted by protein "motors" associated with spindle microtubules move the chromosomes toward the centre of the cell.

Stages of early mitosis in a vertebrate cell with micrographs of chromatids

Prometaphase is not always presented as a distinct part of mitosis. In sources that do not use the term, the events described here are instead assigned to late prophase and early metaphase.

  1. ^ a b "prometaphase". Nature Education. Retrieved 9 December 2012.
  2. ^ Reece, Jane B. (2011). "12". The Cell Cycle (9th ed.). San Francisco: Pearson Education, Inc.