In algebraic geometry, a proper morphism between schemes is an analog of a proper map between complex analytic spaces.
Some authors call a proper variety over a field k a complete variety. For example, every projective variety over a field k is proper over k. A scheme X of finite type over the complex numbers (for example, a variety) is proper over C if and only if the space X(C) of complex points with the classical (Euclidean) topology is compact and Hausdorff.
A closed immersion is proper. A morphism is finite if and only if it is proper and quasi-finite.