| Clinical data | |
|---|---|
| Trade names | Prosulf, others |
| AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
| Routes of administration | IV |
| Legal status | |
| Legal status | |
| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Onset of action | 5 minutes[2] |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number | |
| DrugBank | |
| UNII | |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.113.361 |
Protamine sulfate is a medication that is used to reverse the effects of heparin.[3] It is specifically used in heparin overdose, in low molecular weight heparin overdose, and to reverse the effects of heparin during delivery and heart surgery.[3][4] It is given by injection into a vein.[3] The onset of effects is typically within five minutes.[2]
Common side effects include low blood pressure, slow heart rate, allergic reactions, and vomiting.[3] Allergic reactions may be severe and include anaphylaxis.[3] The risk is greater in males who have had a vasectomy.[5] While there is no evidence of harm from using during pregnancy it has not been well studied in this group.[6] Protamine works by binding with heparin.[3]
Protamine sulfate was approved for medical use in the United States in 1969.[3] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[7] It was originally made from the sperm of salmon (salmine, salmon protamine).[3] It is now mainly made using recombinant biotechnology.[8]
- ^ "FDA-sourced list of all drugs with black box warnings (Use Download Full Results and View Query links.)". nctr-crs.fda.gov. FDA. Retrieved 22 Oct 2023.
- ^ a b "Prosulf 10mg/ml Solution for Injection - Summary of Product Characteristics (SPC) - (eMC)". www.medicines.org.uk. Archived from the original on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 14 December 2016.
- ^ a b c d e f g h "Protamine Sulfate". The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Archived from the original on 6 November 2016. Retrieved 8 December 2016.
- ^ "Protamine sulfate". www.drugbank.ca. Retrieved 14 February 2019.
- ^ World Health Organization (2009). Stuart MC, Kouimtzi M, Hill SR (eds.). WHO Model Formulary 2008. World Health Organization. p. 255. hdl:10665/44053. ISBN 9789241547659.
- ^ "Protamine Use During Pregnancy". Drugs.com. Archived from the original on 21 December 2016. Retrieved 14 December 2016.
- ^ World Health Organization (2019). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/325771. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
- ^ Kern MJ, Seto AR, Parise CM (2012). "Antithrombotic and Antiplatelet Therapy for Percutaneous Coronary Interventions". In Kern MJ (ed.). The Interventional Cardiac Catheterization Handbook E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 131. ISBN 9781455740420.