| Ptahil | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Fourth Life, Gabriel |
| Parents | Abatur, or Hibil and Zahreil |
| Equivalents | |
| Manichaean | Prince of Darkness |
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In Mandaeism, Ptahil (Classical Mandaic: ࡐࡕࡀࡄࡉࡋ) also known as Ptahil-Uthra (uthra, "angel, guardian"),[1]: 8 is the Fourth Life, the third of three emanations from the First Life, Hayyi Rabbi, after Yushamin and Abatur. Ptahil-Uthra alone does not constitute the demiurge but only fills that role since he is viewed as the creator of the material world in the Ginza Rabba, often holding an inherently malicious character.[1][2]: 65 [3][4][5]
- ^ a b Cite error: The named reference
Buckleywas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Aldihisi, Sabah (2013). The Story of Creation in the Mandaean Holy Book the Ginza Rba (PDF).
- ^ Kraeling, Carl (June 1933). "The Mandaic God Ptahil". Journal of the American Oriental Society. 53 (2). American Oriental Society: 152–165. doi:10.2307/593099. JSTOR 593099.
- ^ "Mandaeanism". Religion. Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 13 November 2021.
- ^ "Gnosticism". Religion. Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved 13 November 2021.