| Punjabi Suba movement | |||
|---|---|---|---|
.png) The East Punjab state in India from 1956 to 1966 | |||
| Date | 15 August 1947 - 1 November 1966 | ||
| Location | East Punjab, India | ||
| Goals | Creation of the constitutional autonomous federal state of Punjab, with Chandigarh as its capital, for Punjabi-speaking people from the bilingual East Punjab state[1] | ||
| Methods | Protest marches and demonstrations, hunger strike, general strike | ||
| Resulted in |
| ||
| Parties | |||
| Lead figures | |||
| Casualties | |||
| Death(s) | At least 43[2] | ||
| Arrested | 57,129 Sikhs (Akali Dal records)[3][2] | ||
The Punjabi Suba movement was a long-drawn political agitation, launched by Punjabi speaking people (mostly Sikhs) demanding the creation of autonomous Punjabi Suba, or Punjabi-speaking state, in the post-independence Indian state of East Punjab.[4] The movement is defined as the forerunner of Khalistan movement.[5][6]
Borrowing from the pre-independence demands for a Sikh country, this movement demanded a fundamental constitutional autonomous state within India.[1] Led by the Akali Dal, it resulted in the formation of the state of Punjab. The state of Haryana and the Union Territory of Chandigarh were also created and some Pahari-majority parts of the East Punjab were also merged with Himachal Pradesh following the movement. The result of the movement failed to satisfy its leaders.[7]
- ^ a b Saith, A. (2019). Ajit Singh of Cambridge and Chandigarh: An Intellectual Biography of the Radical Sikh Economist. Palgrave Studies in the History of Economic Thought. Springer International Publishing. p. 290. ISBN 978-3-030-12422-9. Retrieved 10 March 2023.
- ^ a b Cite error: The named reference
Tribune_Celebratewas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Doad 1997, p. 399.
- ^ Doad 1997, p. 391.
- ^ Rina Ramdev, Sandhya D. Nambiar, Debaditya Bhattacharya (2015). Sentiment, Politics, Censorship: The State of Hurt. SAGE Publications. p. 91.
The forerunner to the Khalistan movement the Punjabi Suba movement of the 1960s also stressed the right of control over territory and water.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Chopra, Radhika (2012). Militant and Migrant: The Politics and Social History of Punjab. Routledge. p. 42. ISBN 978-1-136-70435-2. Retrieved 10 March 2023.
- ^ Stanley Wolpert (2005). India. University of California Press. p. 216. ISBN 978-0-520-24696-6.