Pyrin domain

PAAD/DAPIN/Pyrin domain
Identifiers
SymbolPAAD_DAPIN
PfamPF02758
Pfam clanCL0041
InterProIPR004020
PROSITEPS50824
SCOP21pn5 / SCOPe / SUPFAM
CDDcd08305
Available protein structures:
Pfam  structures / ECOD  
PDBRCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj
PDBsumstructure summary
PDB1pn5​, 1ucp​, 2hm2​
NMR structure of the NLRP7 pyrin domain[1] rendered in UCSF Chimera.[2] Mesh electrostatic potential map using Coulombic coloring is superimposed showing areas of positive residue charge in blue and negative in maroon. Circled is the distinct elongated α2-α3 loop that is characteristic of pyrin domains.
(Left) Side view of the Cryo-EM structure of AIM2 PYD filaments[3] showing homotypic PYD-PYD aggregation in inflammasome assembly. (Right) Top down view of same filaments with hydrophobic residues in cyan forming symmetry around the center. Both rendered in UCSF chimera.[2]

A pyrin domain (PYD, also known as PAAD/DAPIN) is a protein domain and a subclass of protein motif known as the death fold, the 4th and most recently discovered member of the death domain superfamily (DDF). It was originally discovered in the pyrin protein, or marenostrin, encoded by MEFV. The mutation of the MEFV gene is the cause of the disease known as Familial Mediterranean Fever.[4] The domain is encoded in 23 human proteins and at least 31 mouse genes.[5]

Proteins containing a pyrin domain are frequently involved in programmed cell death processes including pyroptosis and apoptosis.[6][7] Proteins that possess a pyrin domain interact with the pyrin domains in other proteins to form of multi-protein complexes called inflammasomes and to trigger downstream immune responses.[5]

  1. ^ Bank, RCSB Protein Data. "RCSB PDB - 2KM6: NMR structure of the NLRP7 Pyrin domain". www.rcsb.org. Retrieved 2021-12-11.
  2. ^ a b "Supplemental Information 4: UCSF Chimera". doi:10.7717/peerj.4593/supp-4. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  3. ^ Bank, RCSB Protein Data. "RCSB PDB - 6MB2: Cryo-EM structure of the PYD filament of AIM2". www.rcsb.org. Retrieved 2021-12-11.
  4. ^ Schnappauf O, Chae JJ, Kastner DL, Aksentijevich I (2019). "The Pyrin Inflammasome in Health and Disease". Frontiers in Immunology. 10: 1745. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.01745. PMC 6698799. PMID 31456795.
  5. ^ a b Chu LH, Gangopadhyay A, Dorfleutner A, Stehlik C (February 2015). "An updated view on the structure and function of PYRIN domains". Apoptosis. 20 (2): 157–173. doi:10.1007/s10495-014-1065-1. PMC 4297229. PMID 25451010.
  6. ^ Bertin J, DiStefano PS (December 2000). "The PYRIN domain: a novel motif found in apoptosis and inflammation proteins". Cell Death and Differentiation. 7 (12): 1273–1274. doi:10.1038/sj.cdd.4400774. PMID 11270363.
  7. ^ Gumucio DL, Diaz A, Schaner P, Richards N, Babcock C, Schaller M, Cesena T (2002). "Fire and ICE: the role of pyrin domain-containing proteins in inflammation and apoptosis". Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology. 20 (4 Suppl 26): S45–S53. PMID 12371636.