Qin Er Shi

Qin Er Shi
秦二世
Emperor of the Qin dynasty
Reign210 – October 207 BC
PredecessorQin Shi Huang
Successor
Born230/222 BC[1]
DiedOctober 207 BC (aged 21–22)
Full name
Regnal name
Er Shi Huangdi (二世皇帝)
HouseYing
DynastyQin
FatherQin Shi Huang
Qin Er Shi
Chinese秦二世
Literal meaningQin second generation
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinQín Èrshì
Bopomofoㄑㄧㄣˊ ㄦˋ ㄕˋ
Wade–GilesCh'in2 Erh4-shih4
IPA[tɕʰǐn âɚ.ʂɻ̩̂]
Yue: Cantonese
Yale RomanizationChèuhn Yihsai
Jyutpingceon4 ji6 sai3
IPA[tsʰɵn˩ ji˨.sɐj˧]
Huhai
Chinese胡亥
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinHúhài
Bopomofoㄏㄨˊ ㄏㄞˋ
Wade–GilesHu2-hai4
IPA[xǔ.xâɪ]
Yue: Cantonese
Yale RomanizationWùhhoih
Jyutpingwu4 hoi6
IPA[wu˩.hɔj˨]
Old Chinese
Baxter–Sagart (2014)*Ga-gə′

Qin Er Shi (230/222 – 207 BC[2]), given name Ying Huhai, was the second emperor of the Chinese Qin dynasty, reigning from 210 to 207 BC. The son of Qin Shi Huang, he was put on the throne by Li Si and Zhao Gao, circumventing his brother Fusu, who had been the designated heir. Upon Huhai's ascension, both Fusu and the popular general Meng Tian were killed on the orders of Li and Zhao, with Qin Er Shi's role in the assassinations remaining uncertain and controversial. A weak ruler, Qin Er Shi's reign was completely dominated by Zhao Gao, who eventually forced him to commit suicide.[3][4] By the time of his death, the Qin Empire's power had lessened so much that his successor Ziying ruled as a king, not emperor.[5]

  1. ^ Loewe 2000, p. 652.
  2. ^ Vol.8 of Zizhi Tongjian indicate that Zhao Gao intended to make Ziying emperor in the 9th month of the 3rd year of Huhai's reign. The month corresponds to 16 Oct to 13 Nov 207 BCE in the proleptic Julian calendar. Since Huhai committed suicide just before this event, his death date should be in c. October 207 BCE.
  3. ^ Loewe 2004, p. 575.
  4. ^ Loewe 2000, pp. 652–653.
  5. ^ Xiong & Hammond 2019, p. 23.