Quantum instrument

In quantum physics, a quantum instrument is a mathematical description of a quantum measurement, capturing both the classical and quantum outputs.[1] It can be equivalently understood as a quantum channel that takes as input a quantum system and has as its output two systems: a classical system containing the outcome of the measurement and a quantum system containing the post-measurement state.[2]

  1. ^ Alter, Orly; Yamamoto, Yoshihisa (2001). Quantum Measurement of a Single System. New York: Wiley. doi:10.1002/9783527617128. ISBN 9780471283089.
  2. ^ Jordan, Andrew N.; Siddiqi, Irfan A. (2024). Quantum Measurement: Theory and Practice. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1009100069.