Quinolinic acid

Quinolinic acid
Names
	Preferred IUPAC name Pyridine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid
	Other names 2,3-Pyridinedicarboxylic acid
Identifiers
CAS Number	89-00-9 ;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
ChEBI	CHEBI:16675 ;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL286204 ;
ChemSpider	1037 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.001.704
EC Number	201-874-8;
KEGG	C03722 ;
MeSH	D017378
PubChem CID	1066;
UNII	F6F0HK1URN ;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID8041327 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/C7H5NO4/c9-6(10)4-2-1-3-8-5(4)7(11)12/h1-3H,(H,9,10)(H,11,12) Key: GJAWHXHKYYXBSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ; InChI=1/C7H5NO4/c9-6(10)4-2-1-3-8-5(4)7(11)12/h1-3H,(H,9,10)(H,11,12) Key: GJAWHXHKYYXBSV-UHFFFAOYAW;
	SMILES C1=CC(=C(N=C1)C(=O)O)C(=O)O;
Properties
Chemical formula	C7H5NO4
Molar mass	167.12 g/mol
Melting point	185 to 190 °C (365 to 374 °F; 458 to 463 K) (decomposes)
Hazards
Safety data sheet (SDS)	External MSDS
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). verify (what is ?) Infobox references

Quinolinic acid (abbreviated QUIN or QA), also known as pyridine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid, is a dicarboxylic acid with a pyridine backbone. It is a colorless solid. It is the biosynthetic precursor to niacin.^[1]

Quinolinic acid is a downstream product of the kynurenine pathway, which metabolizes the amino acid tryptophan. It acts as an NMDA receptor agonist.^[2]

Quinolinic acid has a potent neurotoxic effect. Studies have demonstrated that quinolinic acid may be involved in many psychiatric disorders, neurodegenerative processes in the brain, as well as other disorders. Within the brain, quinolinic acid is only produced by activated microglia and macrophages.^[3]

^ Cite error: The named reference Ashihara was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Misztal M, Frankiewicz T, Parsons CG, Danysz W (January 1996). "Learning deficits induced by chronic intraventricular infusion of quinolinic acid--protection by MK-801 and memantine". Eur. J. Pharmacol. 296 (1): 1–8. doi:10.1016/0014-2999(95)00682-6. PMID 8720470.
^ Guillemin, G.; Smith, Danielle G.; Smythe, George A.; Armati, Patricia J.; Brew, George J. (2003). "Expression of the Kynurenine Pathway Enzymes in Human Microglia and Macrophages". Developments in Tryptophan and Serotonin Metabolism. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. Vol. 527. pp. 105–12. doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-0135-0_12. ISBN 978-0-306-47755-3. PMID 15206722.

[Ashihara-1] Cite error: The named reference Ashihara was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[pmid8720470-2] Misztal M, Frankiewicz T, Parsons CG, Danysz W (January 1996). "Learning deficits induced by chronic intraventricular infusion of quinolinic acid--protection by MK-801 and memantine". Eur. J. Pharmacol. 296 (1): 1–8. doi:10.1016/0014-2999(95)00682-6. PMID 8720470.

[3] Guillemin, G.; Smith, Danielle G.; Smythe, George A.; Armati, Patricia J.; Brew, George J. (2003). "Expression of the Kynurenine Pathway Enzymes in Human Microglia and Macrophages". Developments in Tryptophan and Serotonin Metabolism. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. Vol. 527. pp. 105–12. doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-0135-0_12. ISBN 978-0-306-47755-3. PMID 15206722.

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