RS-28 Sarmat

The RS-28 Sarmat (Russian: РС-28 Сармат,^[8] named after the Sarmatians;^[9] NATO reporting name: SS-X-29^[10] or SS-X-30^[11]), often colloquially referred to as Satan II by media outlets, is a three-stage Russian silo-based, liquid-fueled, HGV-capable and FOBS-capable super-heavy intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) produced by the Makeyev Rocket Design Bureau.^{[8][12][13][14]} It is intended to replace the Soviet R-36M ICBM in Russia's arsenal.^[15]

The Sarmat is one of six new Russian strategic weapons unveiled by Russian president Vladimir Putin on 1 March 2018.^[16] The RS-28 Sarmat made its first test flight on 20 April 2022.^[17] On 16 August 2022, a state contract was signed for the manufacture and supply of the Sarmat strategic missile system.^[18] The missile officially entered operational service in September 2023, as the world's longest range and most powerful extant ICBM system.^[19] Despite the Russian claims that the missile is on 'combat alert', since its 2022 flight test, it has experienced four failed tests, the most recent on 21 September 2024.^[20]