RVSV-ZEBOV vaccine

rVSV-ZEBOV vaccine
An electron micrograph of the Ebola virus
Vaccine description
TargetEbola virus
Vaccine typeRecombinant vector
Clinical data
Trade namesErvebo
Other namesV920,[1] rVSVΔG-ZEBOV-GP Ebola vaccine[2]
AHFS/Drugs.comMonograph
License data
Routes of
administration		Intramuscular
ATC code
Legal status
Legal status
Identifiers
CAS Number
DrugBank
ChemSpider
  • none
UNII

Recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus–Zaire Ebola virus (rVSV-ZEBOV), also known as Ebola Zaire vaccine live and sold under the brand name Ervebo, is an Ebola vaccine for adults that prevents Ebola caused by the Zaire ebolavirus.[4][5][6][7] When used in ring vaccination, rVSV-ZEBOV has shown a high level of protection.[8][9][10] Around half the people given the vaccine have mild to moderate adverse effects that include headache, fatigue, and muscle pain.[8]

rVSV-ZEBOV is a recombinant, replication-competent viral vector vaccine.[11] It consists of rice-derived recombinant human serum albumin and live attenuated recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), which has been genetically engineered to express the main glycoprotein from the Zaire ebolavirus so as to provoke a neutralizing immune response to the Ebola virus.[4][12]

The vaccine was approved for medical use in the European Union and the United States in 2019.[5][13][12][14] It was created by scientists at the National Microbiology Laboratory in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, which is part of the Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC).[15][16] PHAC licensed it to a small company, Newlink Genetics, which started developing the vaccine; Newlink in turn licensed it to Merck in 2014.[17] It was used in the DR Congo in a 2018 outbreak in Équateur province,[18] and has since been used extensively in the 2018–20 Kivu Ebola outbreak, with over 90,000 people vaccinated.[10]

  1. ^ Monath TP, Fast PE, Modjarrad K, Clarke DK, Martin BK, Fusco J, et al. (April 2019). "rVSVΔG-ZEBOV-GP (also designated V920) recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus pseudotyped with Ebola Zaire Glycoprotein: Standardized template with key considerations for a risk/benefit assessment". Vaccine. 1: 100009. doi:10.1016/j.jvacx.2019.100009. PMC 6668225. PMID 31384731.
  2. ^ "Ebola Vaccine: Information about Ervebo". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). February 26, 2020. Archived from the original on April 16, 2021. Retrieved April 16, 2021.
  3. ^ "Summary Basis of Decision - Ervebo". Health Canada. March 24, 2023. Archived from the original on April 25, 2023. Retrieved April 24, 2023.
  4. ^ a b c "Ervebo (zaire ebolavirus- strain kikwit-95 envelope glycoprotein injection, solution". DailyMed. March 7, 2023. Archived from the original on March 5, 2023. Retrieved August 2, 2023.
  5. ^ a b c Cite error: The named reference Ervebo EPAR was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  6. ^ Trad MA, Naughton W, Yeung A, Mazlin L, O'sullivan M, Gilroy N, et al. (January 2017). "Ebola virus disease: An update on current prevention and management strategies". Journal of Clinical Virology. 86: 5–13. doi:10.1016/j.jcv.2016.11.005. hdl:10144/618818. PMID 27893999.
  7. ^ Pavot V (December 2016). "Ebola virus vaccines: Where do we stand?". Clinical Immunology. 173: 44–49. doi:10.1016/j.clim.2016.10.016. PMID 27910805.
  8. ^ a b Medaglini D, Siegrist CA (April 2017). "Immunomonitoring of human responses to the rVSV-ZEBOV Ebola vaccine". Current Opinion in Virology. 23: 88–94. doi:10.1016/j.coviro.2017.03.008. hdl:11365/1135960. PMID 28460340.
  9. ^ Cite error: The named reference ars-2019-04-16 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  10. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference WHO-12-april-2019 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  11. ^ Marzi A, Ebihara H, Callison J, Groseth A, Williams KJ, Geisbert TW, Feldmann H (November 2011). "Vesicular stomatitis virus-based Ebola vaccines with improved cross-protective efficacy". The Journal of Infectious Diseases. 204 (Suppl 3): S1066–S1074. doi:10.1093/infdis/jir348. PMC 3203393. PMID 21987743.
  12. ^ a b Choi MJ, Cossaboom CM, Whitesell AN, Dyal JW, Joyce A, Morgan RL, et al. (January 2021). "Use of Ebola Vaccine: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, United States, 2020". MMWR. Recommendations and Reports. 70 (1): 1–12. doi:10.15585/mmwr.rr7001a1. PMC 7802368. PMID 33417593. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  13. ^ Cite error: The named reference FDA PR was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  14. ^ "Ervebo". U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). December 19, 2019. STN: 125690. Archived from the original on April 29, 2020. Retrieved March 28, 2020.
  15. ^ Cite error: The named reference NYT2014-Oct was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  16. ^ Cite error: The named reference Jones2005 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  17. ^ Cite error: The named reference GEN2014 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  18. ^ McKenzie D (May 26, 2018). "Fear and failure: How Ebola sparked a global health revolution". CNN. Archived from the original on August 26, 2019. Retrieved May 26, 2018.