Rabies vaccine

Rabies vaccine
Vaccine description
TargetRabies
Vaccine typeInactivated
Clinical data
Trade namesRabAvert, Rabipur, Rabivax, others
AHFS/Drugs.comMonograph
MedlinePlusa607023
License data
Pregnancy
category
Routes of
administration		Intramuscular, intradermal
ATC code
Legal status
Legal status
Identifiers
DrugBank
ChemSpider
  • none
UNII
KEGG
 ☒NcheckY (what is this?)  (verify)

The rabies vaccine is a vaccine used to prevent rabies.[11] There are several rabies vaccines available that are both safe and effective.[11] Vaccinations must be administered prior to rabies virus exposure or within the latent period after exposure to prevent the disease.[12] Transmission of rabies virus to humans typically occurs through a bite or scratch from an infectious animal, but exposure can occur through indirect contact with the saliva from an infectious individual.[12]

Doses are usually given by injection into the skin or muscle.[11] After exposure, the vaccination is typically used along with rabies immunoglobulin.[11] It is recommended that those who are at high risk of exposure be vaccinated before potential exposure.[11] Rabies vaccines are effective in humans and other animals, and vaccinating dogs is very effective in preventing the spread of rabies to humans.[11] A long-lasting immunity to the virus develops after a full course of treatment.[11]

Rabies vaccines may be used safely by all age groups.[11] About 35 to 45 percent of people develop a brief period of redness and pain at the injection site, and 5 to 15 percent of people may experience fever, headaches, or nausea.[11] After exposure to rabies, there is no contraindication to its use, because the untreated virus is virtually 100% fatal.[11][13]

The first rabies vaccine was introduced in 1885 and was followed by an improved version in 1908.[14] Over 29 million people worldwide receive human rabies vaccine annually.[15] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[16][17]

  1. ^ a b "Verorab". Department of Health and Aged Care. 28 October 2022. Archived from the original on 5 February 2023. Retrieved 31 March 2023.
  2. ^ "Rabies vaccine, human diploid cell (Imovax Rabies) Use During Pregnancy". Drugs.com. 22 November 2019. Archived from the original on 29 December 2019. Retrieved 29 December 2019.
  3. ^ "Updates to the Prescribing Medicines in Pregnancy database". Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA). 21 December 2022. Archived from the original on 3 April 2022. Retrieved 2 January 2023.
  4. ^ Cite error: The named reference TGA Verorab was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  5. ^ "VERORAB (Sanofi-Aventis Australia Pty Ltd)". Department of Health and Aged Care. 6 October 2022. Archived from the original on 27 March 2023. Retrieved 31 March 2023.
  6. ^ "Rabies Vaccine BP - Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC)". Electronic Medicines Compendium. 28 June 2020. Archived from the original on 6 March 2022. Retrieved 2 November 2020.
  7. ^ "Rabipur pre-filled syringe - Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC)". Electronic Medicines Compendium. Archived from the original on 20 June 2021. Retrieved 2 November 2020.
  8. ^ "Imovax Rabies (rabies virus strain pm-1503-3m antigen- propiolactone inactivated and water kit". DailyMed. 21 October 2020. Archived from the original on 24 March 2021. Retrieved 2 November 2020.
  9. ^ "Rabavert- rabies vaccine kit". DailyMed. 18 September 2019. Archived from the original on 24 March 2021. Retrieved 2 November 2020.
  10. ^ Cite error: The named reference EMA Rabies was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  11. ^ a b c d e f g h i j World Health Organization (2018). "Rabies vaccines: WHO position paper – April 2018" (PDF). Weekly Epidemiological Record. 93 (16): 201–19. hdl:10665/272372. Archived (PDF) from the original on 7 October 2022. Retrieved 28 August 2022.
  12. ^ a b Rupprecht CE, Hanlon CA, Hemachudha T (June 2002). "Rabies re-examined". The Lancet. Infectious Diseases. 2 (6): 327–343. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(02)00287-6. PMID 12144896.
  13. ^ Ombary G (10 October 2023). "Rabies 99.9% fatal, but highly preventable —PCP". GMA News Online. Archived from the original on 11 October 2023. Retrieved 14 October 2023.
  14. ^ Nunnally B (2014). Vaccine Analysis: Strategies, Principles, and Control. Springer. p. 63. ISBN 9783662450246. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016.
  15. ^ "Rabies". www.who.int. Retrieved 13 August 2024.
  16. ^ World Health Organization (2019). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/325771. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
  17. ^ World Health Organization (2021). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 22nd list (2021). Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/345533. WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2021.02.