Racial trauma

Racial trauma, or race-based traumatic stress, is the cumulative effects of racism on an individual’s mental and physical health.[1] It has been observed in numerous BIPOC communities and people of all ages, including young children.[2][3] Racial trauma can be experienced vicariously or directly.[4][5] It has been linked to feelings of anxiety, depression, and suicidal ideation, as well as other physical health issues.[6]

  1. ^ Carter, Robert (March 2009). "A Guide to the Forensic Assessment of Race-Based Traumatic Stress Reactions". Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law. 37 (1): 28–40. PMID 19297630 – via AAPL.
  2. ^ Jernigan, Maryam M.; Daniel, Jessica Henderson (2011-06-01). "Racial Trauma in the Lives of Black Children and Adolescents: Challenges and Clinical Implications". Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma. 4 (2): 123–141. doi:10.1080/19361521.2011.574678. ISSN 1936-153X. S2CID 145288431.
  3. ^ Kirkinis, Katherine; Pieterse, Alex L.; Martin, Christina; Agiliga, Alex; Brownell, Amanda (2021-04-03). "Racism, racial discrimination, and trauma: a systematic review of the social science literature". Ethnicity & Health. 26 (3): 392–412. doi:10.1080/13557858.2018.1514453. ISSN 1355-7858. PMID 30165756. S2CID 52137711.
  4. ^ Heard-Garris, N.J.; Cale, M.; Camaj, L.; Hamati, M.C.; Dominguez, T.P. (2018-02-01). "Transmitting Trauma: A systematic review of vicarious racism and child health". Social Science & Medicine. 199: 230–240. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.04.018. ISSN 0277-9536. PMID 28456418.
  5. ^ Peiterse, Alex L. ; Carter, Robert T. ; Evans, Sarah A. ; Walter, Rebecca A. (2010). "An exploratory examination of associations among racial and ethnic discrimination, racial climate, and trauma-related symptoms in a college student population" (PDF). Journal of Counseling Psychology. 57 (3): 255–263. doi:10.1037/a0020040. PMID 21133577 – via APA PsycNet.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  6. ^ "Nothing Protects Black Women From Dying in Pregnancy and Childbirth — ProPublica". ProPublica. Nina Martin,Renee Montagne. 2017-12-07. Retrieved 2018-03-18.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: others (link)