Reaction rate

Reaction rate
Common symbols
ν
SI unitmol⋅L-1⋅s-1
In SI base unitsmol⋅m-3⋅s-1
DimensionL-3⋅T-1⋅N
Iron rusting has a low reaction rate. This process is slow.
Wood combustion has a high reaction rate. This process is fast.

The reaction rate or rate of reaction is the speed at which a chemical reaction takes place, defined as proportional to the increase in the concentration of a product per unit time and to the decrease in the concentration of a reactant per unit time.[1] Reaction rates can vary dramatically. For example, the oxidative rusting of iron under Earth's atmosphere is a slow reaction that can take many years, but the combustion of cellulose in a fire is a reaction that takes place in fractions of a second. For most reactions, the rate decreases as the reaction proceeds. A reaction's rate can be determined by measuring the changes in concentration over time.

Chemical kinetics is the part of physical chemistry that concerns how rates of chemical reactions are measured and predicted, and how reaction-rate data can be used to deduce probable reaction mechanisms.[2] The concepts of chemical kinetics are applied in many disciplines, such as chemical engineering,[3][4] enzymology and environmental engineering.[5][6][7]

  1. ^ McMurry, John; Fay, Robert C.; Robinson, Jill K. (31 December 2014). Chemistry (Seventh ed.). Boston. p. 492. ISBN 978-0-321-94317-0. OCLC 889577526.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  2. ^ Petrucci, Ralph H.; Herring, F. Geoffrey; Madura, Jeffry D.; Bissonnette, Carey (4 February 2016). General chemistry: principles and modern applications (Eleventh ed.). Toronto. p. 923. ISBN 978-0-13-293128-1. OCLC 951078429.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  3. ^ Silva, Camylla K. S.; Baston, Eduardo P.; Melgar, Lisbeth Z.; Bellido, Jorge D. A. (2019-10-01). "Ni/Al2O3-La2O3 catalysts synthesized by a one-step polymerization method applied to the dry reforming of methane: effect of precursor structures of nickel, perovskite and spinel". Reaction Kinetics, Mechanisms and Catalysis. 128 (1): 251–269. doi:10.1007/s11144-019-01644-3. ISSN 1878-5204. S2CID 199407594.
  4. ^ Elizalde, Ignacio; Mederos, Fabián S.; del Carmen Monterrubio, Ma.; Casillas, Ninfa; Díaz, Hugo; Trejo, Fernando (2019-02-01). "Mathematical modeling and simulation of an industrial adiabatic trickle-bed reactor for upgrading heavy crude oil by hydrotreatment process". Reaction Kinetics, Mechanisms and Catalysis. 126 (1): 31–48. doi:10.1007/s11144-018-1489-7. ISSN 1878-5204. S2CID 105735334.
  5. ^ Liu, Jiaqi; Shen, Meiqing; Li, Chenxu; Wang, Jianqiang; Wang, Jun (2019-10-01). "Enhanced hydrothermal stability of a manganese metavanadate catalyst based on WO3–TiO2 for the selective catalytic reduction of NOx with NH3". Reaction Kinetics, Mechanisms and Catalysis. 128 (1): 175–191. doi:10.1007/s11144-019-01624-7. ISSN 1878-5204. S2CID 199078451.
  6. ^ Li, Xiaoliang; Feng, Jiangjiang; Xu, Zhigang; Wang, Junqiang; Wang, Yujie; Zhao, Wei (2019-10-01). "Cerium modification for improving the performance of Cu-SSZ-13 in selective catalytic reduction of NO by NH3". Reaction Kinetics, Mechanisms and Catalysis. 128 (1): 163–174. doi:10.1007/s11144-019-01621-w. ISSN 1878-5204. S2CID 189874787.
  7. ^ Vedyagin, Aleksey A.; Stoyanovskii, Vladimir O.; Kenzhin, Roman M.; Slavinskaya, Elena M.; Plyusnin, Pavel E.; Shubin, Yury V. (2019-06-01). "Purification of gasoline exhaust gases using bimetallic Pd–Rh/δ-Al2O3 catalysts". Reaction Kinetics, Mechanisms and Catalysis. 127 (1): 137–148. doi:10.1007/s11144-019-01573-1. ISSN 1878-5204. S2CID 145994544.