Red Turban Rebellions

This article is about the rebellion of 1351–1368. For the Red Turban Rebellion of 1854–1856, see Red Turban Rebellion (1854–1856).
"White Lotus Revolution" redirects here. For the Chinese uprising against the Qing dynasty, see White Lotus Rebellion.
Not to be confused with Yellow Turban Rebellion.
Late Yuan rebellions

Distribution of major rebel forces and Yuan warlords
Date1351–1368
Location
Yangtze River valley, Yuan dynasty
Result Yuan dynasty overthrown, Ming dynasty was established, remnants of Yuan court retreated to northern China and Mongolian Plateau (known thereafter as Northern Yuan)
Belligerents

Yuan dynasty

Principality of Liang (Yunnan) (1372–​1382)

Goryeo (1270–​1356)

Northern Red Turban rebels:
Song dynasty (1351–​1366)

Western Wu (1361–​1367)

Ming dynasty (from 1368)

Southern Red Turban rebels:
Tianwan dynasty (1351–​1360)

Chen Han dynasty (1360–​1363)

Ming Xia dynasty (1361–​1366)

Zhou (1354–​1357)

Wu (1363–​1367)

Other southern warlords

Fujian Muslim rebels (1357–​1366)

Northern warlords
Commanders and leaders

Toghon Temür

Zhang Shicheng Executed

Fang Guozhen Surrendered

Bolad Temür

  • Zhang Liangbi
  • Zhang Liang­chen †
  • Li Siqi Surrendered
  • Törebeg
Strength
Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown
Casualties and losses
Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown

The Red Turban Rebellions (Chinese: 紅巾起義; pinyin: Hóngjīn Qǐyì) were uprisings against the Yuan dynasty between 1351 and 1368, eventually leading to its collapse. Remnants of the Yuan imperial court retreated northwards and is thereafter known as the Northern Yuan in historiography.