Revolutionary Action Movement | |
|---|---|
| Abbreviation | RAM |
| Leader | Muhammad Ahmad (formerly Max Stanford) Donald Freeman |
| Founded | 1962 |
| Dissolved | 1968 |
| Headquarters | Philadelphia, Pennsylvania |
| Newspaper | Black America |
| Ideology | |
| Political position | Far-left |
| This article is part of a series about |
| Black power |
|---|
 |
Revolutionary Action Movement (RAM) was a Marxist–Leninist,[2] black nationalist[3] organisation which was active from 1962 to 1968.[4] They were the first group to apply the philosophy of Maoism to conditions of black people in the United States and informed the revolutionary politics of the Black Power movement.[5][6][7] RAM was the only secular political organization which Malcolm X joined prior to 1964.[8] The group's political formation deeply influenced the politics of Huey Newton, Bobby Seale, and many other future influential Black Panther Party founders and members.
- ^ "Black Like Mao: Red China and Black Revolution" (PDF). Columbia University. Retrieved October 9, 2024.
In RAM's journal Black America, members started to develop a theory of "Bandung Humanism" or "Revolutionary Black Internationalism"
- ^ "The Black Revolutionary Organization That You Probably Never Heard Of: The Revolutionary Action Movement (RAM) 1962-1969". Red Voice. 2020-06-07. Retrieved 2023-06-21.
- ^ "Freedom Archives Search Engine". search.freedomarchives.org. Retrieved 2023-06-21.
RAM was a semi-clandestine organization and articulated a revolutionary program for Black Americans that fused Black Nationalism with Marxism-Leninism.
- ^ Jones, John (May 19, 2019). "A History of the Revolutionary Action Movement" (PDF). Marxists Internet Archive. p. 87.
By the end of 1968 RAM was dissolved as an official organization.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
:0was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Kelley, Robin (2002). Glaude, Eddie (ed.). Is It Nation Time?. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
{{cite book}}:|work=ignored (help) - ^ Glaude, Eddie (2002). "Stormy Weather". Is It Nation Time?: Contemporary Essays on Black Power and Black Nationalism. Chicago: University of Chicago. pp. 72–87.
- ^ "The Malcolm X Project at Columbia University". www.columbia.edu. Retrieved 2018-11-29.