Rhamnus cathartica

Rhamnus cathartica
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Rosales
Family: Rhamnaceae
Genus: Rhamnus
Species:
R. cathartica
Binomial name
Rhamnus cathartica
Synonyms[2]

Cervispina cathartica (L.) Moench

Fruit

Rhamnus cathartica, the European buckthorn,[3] common buckthorn, purging buckthorn, or just buckthorn, is a species of small tree in the flowering plant family Rhamnaceae. It is native to Europe, northwest Africa and western Asia, from the central British Isles south to Morocco, and east to Kyrgyzstan.[4] It was introduced to North America as an ornamental shrub in the early 19th century or perhaps before, and is now naturalized in the northern half of the continent, and is classified as an invasive plant in several US states[5][6][7] and in Ontario, Canada.[8]

  1. ^ Barstow, M.; Rivers, M.C. (2018) [amended version of 2017 assessment]. "Rhamnus cathartica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T61957125A128942433. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T61957125A128942433.en. Retrieved 8 October 2021.
  2. ^ "The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species".
  3. ^ "European Buckthorn". Invasive Plant Atlas of the United States. Retrieved 11 February 2021.
  4. ^ Kurylo, J. S.; Knight, K. S.; Stewart, J. R.; Endress, A. G. (2007). "Rhamnus cathartica: Native and Naturalized Distribution and Habitat Preferences". The Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society. 134 (3): 420–430. doi:10.3159/1095-5674(2007)134[420:RCNAND]2.0.CO;2. ISSN 1095-5674. JSTOR 20063933.
  5. ^ Torrey, J. (1824). A flora of the northern and middle sections of the United States: or, a systematic arrangement of all the plants hitherto discovered in the United States north of Virginia. Vol 1. New York:T. and J. Swords, pp. 513
  6. ^ Possessky, S. L., Williams, C. E., Moriarty, W. J. (2000). "Glossy Buckthorn, Rhamnus frangula L.: A threat to riparian plant communities of the northern Allegheny plateau (USA)". Natural Areas Journal. 20: 290–292.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  7. ^ "Rhamnus cathartica". County-level distribution map from the North American Plant Atlas (NAPA). Biota of North America Program (BONAP). 2014.
  8. ^ "Common Buckthorn | Ontario's Invading Species Awareness Program". www.invadingspecies.com. Archived from the original on 2016-12-22. Retrieved 2016-09-12.