Robert Spaemann (5 May 1927 – 10 December 2018) was a German Catholic philosopher.[1] He is considered a member of the Ritter School.
Spaemann's focus was on Christian ethics. He was known for his work in bioethics, ecology and human rights. Although not yet widely translated into languages other than his native German, Spaemann was internationally known, and his work was highly regarded by Pope Benedict XVI[2][citation needed] He was also a personal advisor of Pope John Paul II and a friend of Joseph Ratzinger.[3]