Rogue security software is a form of malicious software and internet fraud that misleads users into believing there is a virus on their computer and aims to convince them to pay for a fake malware removal tool that actually installs malware on their computer.[1] It is a form of scareware that manipulates users through fear, and a form of ransomware.[2] Rogue security software has been a serious security threat in desktop computing since 2008.[3] An early example that gained infamy was SpySheriff and its clones,[a] such as Nava Shield.
With the rise of cyber-criminals and a black market with thousands of organizations and individuals trading exploits, malware, virtual assets, and credentials, rogue security software has become one of the most lucrative criminal operations.
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