Rumi

For other uses, see Rumi (disambiguation).

Mawlānā, Mevlânâ
Rumi
رومی
Rumi, by Iranian artist Hossein Behzad (1957)
TitleJalaluddin, jalāl al-Din,[1] Mevlana, Mawlana
Personal
Born30 September 1207
Balkh (present-day Afghanistan)[2] or Wakhsh (present-day Tajikistan),[3][4] Khwarezmian Empire
Died17 December 1273 (aged 66)
Konya (present-day Turkey), Sultanate of Rum
Resting placeTomb of Mevlana Rumi, Mevlana Museum, Konya, Turkey
ReligionIslam
NationalityKhwarezmian Empire, then Sultanate of Rum
Home townWakhsh (present-day Tajikistan) or Balkh present-day Afghanistan
SpouseGevher Khatun, Karra Khatun
ChildrenSultan Walad, Ulu Arif Chelebi, Amir Alim Chelebi, Malike Khatun.
Parents
  • Baha al-Din Valad (father)
  • Mo'mena Khatun (mother)
EraIslamic Golden Age
(7th Islamic century)
DenominationSunni[5]
JurisprudenceHanafi
CreedMaturidi[6][7]
Main interest(s)Sufi poetry, Hanafi jurisprudence, Maturidi theology
Notable idea(s)Sufi whirling, Muraqaba
Notable work(s)Mathnawī-ī ma'nawī, Dīwān-ī Shams-ī Tabrīzī, Fīhi mā fīhi
TariqaMevlevi
Known forMathnawi, Rumi Music
Pen nameRumi
Organization
OrderSufi
PhilosophySufism, Mysticism
Muslim leader
PredecessorShams-i Tabrizi and Baha-ud-din Zakariya
SuccessorHusam al-Din Chalabi, Sultan Walad
Influenced by
Influenced
Arabic name
Personal (Ism)Muḥammad
محمد
Patronymic (Nasab)ibn Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥusayn ibn Aḥmad
بن محمد بن الحسين بن أحمد
Epithet (Laqab)Jalāl ad-Dīn
جلال‌الدین
Toponymic (Nisba)ar-Rūmī
الرومي
al-Khaṭībī
الخطيبي
al-Balkhī
البلخي
al-Bakrī
البكري
This article contains Persian text. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols.

Jalāl al-Dīn Muḥammad Rūmī (Persian: جلال‌الدین محمّد رومی), or simply Rumi (30 September 1207 – 17 December 1273), was a 13th-century poet, Hanafi faqih (jurist), Islamic scholar, Maturidi theologian (mutakallim),[9] and Sufi mystic originally from Greater Khorasan in Greater Iran.[10][11]

Rumi's works were written mostly in Persian, but occasionally he also used Turkish,[12] Arabic[13] and Greek[14][15][16] in his verse. His Masnavi (Mathnawi), composed in Konya, is considered one of the greatest poems of the Persian language.[17][18] Rumi's influence has transcended national borders and ethnic divisions: Iranians, Afghans, Tajiks, Turks, Kurds, Greeks, Central Asian Muslims, as well as Muslims of the Indian subcontinent have greatly appreciated his spiritual legacy for the past seven centuries.[19][20] His poetry influenced not only Persian literature, but also the literary traditions of the Ottoman Turkish, Chagatai, Pashto, Kurdish, Urdu, and Bengali languages.[19][21][22]

Rumi's works are widely read today in their original language across Greater Iran and the Persian-speaking world.[23][24] His poems have subsequently been translated into many of the world's languages and transposed into various formats. Rumi has been described as the "most popular poet",[25] is very popular in Turkey, Azerbaijan and South Asia,[26] and has become the "best selling poet" in the United States.[27][28]

  1. ^ Ritter, H.; Bausani, A. "ḎJ̲alāl al-Dīn Rūmī b. Bahāʾ al-Dīn Sulṭān al-ʿulamāʾ Walad b. Ḥusayn b. Aḥmad Ḵh̲aṭībī." Encyclopaedia of Islam. Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel and W.P. Heinrichs. Brill, 2007. Brill Online. Excerpt: "known by the sobriquet Mewlānā, persian poet and founder of the Mewlewiyya order of dervishes"
  2. ^ "Rumi | Biography, Poems, & Facts | Britannica". www.britannica.com. 7 January 2024. Retrieved 28 January 2024.
  3. ^ Harmless, William (2007). Mystics. Oxford University Press. p. 167. ISBN 978-0-19-804110-8.
  4. ^ Cite error: The named reference Balkh was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  5. ^ The Complete Idiot's Guide to Rumi Meditations, Penguin Group, 2008, p. 48, ISBN 9781592577361
  6. ^ Lewis, Franklin D. (2014). Rumi: Past and Present, East and West: The life, Teaching and poetry of Jalal Al-Din Rumi. Simon and Schuster. pp. 15–16, 52, 60, 89.
  7. ^ Zarrinkoob, Abdolhossein (2005). Serr-e Ney. Vol. 1. Instisharat-i Ilmi. p. 447.
  8. ^ Ramin Jahanbegloo, In Search of the Sacred : A Conversation with Seyyed Hossein Nasr on His Life and Thought, ABC-CLIO (2010), p. 141
  9. ^ Ahmad, Imtiaz. "The Place of Rumi in Muslim Thought." Islamic Quarterly 24.3 (1980): 67.
  10. ^ Lewis, Franklin D. (2008). Rumi: Past and Present, East and West: The life, Teaching and poetry of Jalal Al-Din Rumi. Oneworld Publication. p. 9. How is that a Persian boy born almost eight hundred years ago in Khorasan, the northeastern province of greater Iran, in a region that we identify today as in Central Asia, but was considered in those days as part of the greater Persian cultural sphere, wound up in central Anatolia on the receding edge of the Byzantine cultural sphere, in what is now Turkey, some 1,500 miles to the west?
  11. ^ Schimmel, Annemarie (7 April 1994). The Mystery of Numbers. Oxford University Press. p. 51. These examples are taken from the Persian mystic Rumi's work, not from Chinese, but they express the yang-yin [sic] relationship with perfect lucidity.
  12. ^ Cite error: The named reference Annemarie Schimmel was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  13. ^ Cite error: The named reference Franklin Lewis was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  14. ^ Δέδες, Δ. (1993). "Ποιήματα του Μαυλανά Ρουμή" [Poems by Mowlānā Rūmī]. Τα Ιστορικά. 10 (18–19): 3–22.
  15. ^ Meyer, Gustav (1895). "Die griechischen Verse im Rabâbnâma". Byzantinische Zeitschrift. 4 (3). doi:10.1515/byzs.1895.4.3.401. S2CID 191615267.
  16. ^ "Greek Verses of Rumi & Sultan Walad". uci.edu. 22 April 2009. Archived from the original on 5 August 2012.
  17. ^ Gardet, Louis (1977). "Religion and Culture". In Holt, P.M.; Lambton, Ann K.S.; Lewis, Bernard (eds.). The Cambridge History of Islam, Part VIII: Islamic Society and Civilization. Cambridge University Press. p. 586. It is sufficient to mention 'Aziz al-Din Nasafi, Farid al-Din 'Attar and Sa'adi, and above all Jalal al-Din Rumi, whose Mathnawi remains one of the purest literary glories of Persia
  18. ^ C.E. Bosworth, "Turkmen Expansion towards the west" in UNESCO History of Humanity, Volume IV, titled "From the Seventh to the Sixteenth Century", UNESCO Publishing / Routledge, p. 391: "While the Arabic language retained its primacy in such spheres as law, theology and science, the culture of the Seljuk court and secular literature within the sultanate became largely Persianized; this is seen in the early adoption of Persian epic names by the Seljuk rulers (Qubād, Kay Khusraw and so on) and in the use of Persian as a literary language (Turkmen must have been essentially a vehicle for everyday speech at this time). The process of Persianization accelerated in the 13th century with the presence in Konya of two of the most distinguished refugees fleeing before the Mongols, Bahā' al-Dīn Walad and his son Mawlānā Jalāl al-Dīn Rūmī, whose Mathnawī, composed in Konya, constitutes one of the crowning glories of classical Persian literature."
  19. ^ a b "Rumi work translated into Kurdish". Hürriyet Daily News. 30 January 2015.
  20. ^ Seyyed, Hossein Nasr (1987). Islamic Art and Spirituality. Suny Press. p. 115. Jalal al-Din was born in a major center of Persian culture, Balkh, from Persian speaking parents, and is the product of that Islamic Persian culture which in the 7th/13th century dominated the 'whole of the eastern lands of Islam and to which present day Persians as well as Turks, Afghans, Central Asian Muslims and the Muslims of the Indo-Pakistani subcontinent are heir. It is precisely in this world that the sun of his spiritual legacy has shone most brillianty during the past seven centuries. The father of Jalal al-Din, Muhammad ibn Husayn Khatibi, known as Baha al-Din Walad and entitled Sultan al-'ulama', was an outstanding Sufi in Balkh connected to the spiritual lineage of Najm al-Din Kubra.
  21. ^ Rahman, Aziz (27 August 2015). "Nazrul: The rebel and the romantic". Daily Sun. Archived from the original on 17 April 2017. Retrieved 12 July 2016.
  22. ^ Khan, Mahmudur Rahman (30 September 2018). "A tribute to Jalaluddin Rumi". Daily Sun.
  23. ^ "Interview: 'Many Americans Love Rumi...But They Prefer He Not Be Muslim'". RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty. 9 August 2010. Retrieved 22 August 2016.
  24. ^ "Interview: A mystical journey with Rumi". Asia Times. Archived from the original on 16 August 2010. Retrieved 22 August 2016.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  25. ^ Haviland, Charles (30 September 2007). "The roar of Rumi—800 years on". BBC News. Retrieved 30 September 2007.
  26. ^ "Dîvân-i Kebîr Jalāl al-Dīn Rūmī". OMI – Old Manuscripts & Incunabula. Retrieved 22 August 2016.
  27. ^ Ciabattari, Jane (21 October 2014). "Why is Rumi the best-selling poet in the US?". BBC News. Retrieved 22 August 2016.
  28. ^ Tompkins, Ptolemy (29 October 2002). "Rumi Rules!". Time. ISSN 0040-781X. Retrieved 22 August 2016.