SARS-related coronavirus

This article is about a species of coronavirus comprising multiple strains. For the strain that causes SARS, see SARS-CoV-1. For the strain that causes COVID-19, see SARS-CoV-2.

Betacoronavirus pandemicum
Transmission electron micrograph of SARS-related coronaviruses emerging from host cells cultured in the lab
Virus classification Edit this classification
(unranked): Virus
Realm: Riboviria
Kingdom: Orthornavirae
Phylum: Pisuviricota
Class: Pisoniviricetes
Order: Nidovirales
Family: Coronaviridae
Genus: Betacoronavirus
Subgenus: Sarbecovirus
Species:
Betacoronavirus pandemicum
Strains
Synonyms
  • SARS coronavirus
  • SARS-related coronavirus
  • Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus[1]

Betacoronavirus pandemicum[2] (also known as Severe acute respiratory syndrome–related coronavirus, abbreviated as SARSr-CoV or SARS-CoV)[note 1] is a species of virus consisting of many known strains. Two strains of the virus have caused outbreaks of severe respiratory diseases in humans: severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 1 (SARS-CoV or SARS-CoV-1), the cause of the 2002–2004 outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the cause of the pandemic of COVID-19.[3][4] There are hundreds of other strains of SARSr-CoV, which are only known to infect non-human mammal species: bats are a major reservoir of many strains of SARSr-CoV; several strains have been identified in Himalayan palm civets, which were likely ancestors of SARS-CoV-1.[3][5][6][7]

These enveloped, positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses enter host cells by binding to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor.[8] The SARSr-CoV species is a member of the genus Betacoronavirus and the only species of the subgenus Sarbecovirus (SARS Betacoronavirus).[9][10]

The SARS-related coronavirus was one of several viruses identified by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2016 as a likely cause of a future epidemic in a new plan developed after the Ebola epidemic for urgent research and development before and during an epidemic towards diagnostic tests, vaccines and medicines. This prediction came to pass with the COVID-19 pandemic.[11][12]

  1. ^ "ICTV Taxonomy history: Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). Retrieved 27 January 2019.
  2. ^ "Taxon Details | ICTV". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). Retrieved 30 May 2024.
  3. ^ a b Coronaviridae Study Group of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (March 2020). "The species Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus: classifying 2019-nCoV and naming it SARS-CoV-2". Nature Microbiology. 5 (4): 536–544. doi:10.1038/s41564-020-0695-z. PMC 7095448. PMID 32123347.
  4. ^ Kohen, Jon; Kupferschmidth, Kai (28 February 2020). "Strategies shift as coronavirus pandemic looms". Science. 367 (6481): 962–963. Bibcode:2020Sci...367..962C. doi:10.1126/science.367.6481.962. PMID 32108093. S2CID 211556915.
  5. ^ Lau SK, Li KS, Huang Y, Shek CT, Tse H, Wang M, et al. (March 2010). "Ecoepidemiology and complete genome comparison of different strains of severe acute respiratory syndrome-related Rhinolophus bat coronavirus in China reveal bats as a reservoir for acute, self-limiting infection that allows recombination events". Journal of Virology. 84 (6): 2808–19. doi:10.1128/JVI.02219-09. PMC 2826035. PMID 20071579.
  6. ^ Branswell H (9 November 2015). "SARS-like virus in bats shows potential to infect humans, study finds". Stat News. Retrieved 20 February 2020.
  7. ^ Wong AC, Li X, Lau SK, Woo PC (February 2019). "Global Epidemiology of Bat Coronaviruses". Viruses. 11 (2): 174. doi:10.3390/v11020174. PMC 6409556. PMID 30791586. Most notably, horseshoe bats were found to be the reservoir of SARS-like CoVs, while palm civet cats are considered to be the intermediate host for SARS-CoVs [43,44,45].
  8. ^ Cite error: The named reference pmid24172901 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  9. ^ "Virus Taxonomy: 2018 Release". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). October 2018. Retrieved 13 January 2019.
  10. ^ Woo PC, Huang Y, Lau SK, Yuen KY (August 2010). "Coronavirus genomics and bioinformatics analysis". Viruses. 2 (8): 1804–20. doi:10.3390/v2081803. PMC 3185738. PMID 21994708. Figure 2. Phylogenetic analysis of RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (Pol) of coronaviruses with complete genome sequences available. The tree was constructed by the neighbor-joining method and rooted using Breda virus polyprotein.
  11. ^ Kieny MP. "After Ebola, a Blueprint Emerges to Jump-Start R&D". Scientific American Blog Network. Archived from the original on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 13 December 2016.
  12. ^ "LIST OF PATHOGENS". World Health Organization. Archived from the original on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 13 December 2016.


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