Samuel Freiherr von Brukenthal (German pronunciation: [ˈzaːmueːl fɔn ˈbʁʊkn̩taːl] ; 26 July 1721 in Leschkirch – 9 April 1803 in Sibiu) was the Habsburg governor of the Grand Principality of Transylvania between 6 July 1774 and 9 January 1787. He was a personal advisor of Empress Maria Theresa.
His home, a large palace in Sibiu, is home to the Brukenthal National Museum, formed around the collections he gathered, and expanded from a public exhibit first opened in 1817.