 | This August 2024 needs additional citations for verification. (August 2024) |
| Scanian War | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of the Franco-Dutch War and the Northern Wars | |||||||||
 Battles (left to right from top): | |||||||||
| |||||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||||
 Denmark-Norway Dutch Republic Brandenburg-Prussia Habsburg Monarchy  Spanish Empire[1] Supported by:  Scanian insurgents |
 Swedish Empire Kingdom of France | ||||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||||
Christian V  Ulrik Gyldenløve Niels Juel Cornelis Tromp Frederick William |
Charles XI Magnus De la Gardie Rutger von Ascheberg Simon Grundel-Helmfelt † | ||||||||
The Scanian War (Danish: den Skånske Krig; Norwegian: den skånske krig; Swedish: det Skånska kriget; German: Schonischer Krieg) was a part of the Northern Wars involving the union of Denmark–Norway, Brandenburg and Sweden. It was fought from 1675 to 1679 mainly on Scanian soil, in the former Danish–Norwegian provinces along the border with Sweden, and in Northern Germany. While the latter battles are regarded as a theater of the Scanian war in English, Danish, Norwegian and Swedish historiography, they are seen as a separate war in German historiography, called the Swedish-Brandenburgian War (German: Schwedisch-Brandenburgischer Krieg).
The war was prompted by Swedish involvement in the Franco-Dutch War. Sweden had allied with France against several European countries. The United Provinces, under attack by France, sought support from Denmark–Norway. After some hesitation, King Christian V started the invasion of Skåneland (Scania, Halland, Blekinge, and sometimes also Bornholm) in 1675, while the Swedes were occupied with a war against Brandenburg. The invasion of Scania was combined with a simultaneous Norwegian front called the Gyldenløve War, forcing the defending Swedes to fight a two-front war in addition to their entanglements in the Holy Roman Empire.
The Danish objective was to retrieve the Scanian lands that had been ceded to Sweden in the Treaty of Roskilde, after the Northern Wars. Although the Danish offensive was initially a great success, Swedish counter-offensives led by the 19-year-old Charles XI of Sweden nullified much of the gain.
At the end of the war, the Swedish navy had lost at sea, the Danish army had been defeated in Scania by the Swedes, who in turn had been beaten in Northern Germany by the Brandenburgers. The war and the hostilities ended when Denmark's ally, the United Provinces, settled with Sweden's ally France and the Swedish king Charles XI married Danish princess Ulrike Eleonora, sister of Christian V. Peace was made on behalf of France with the treaties of Fontainebleau and Lund (Sweden and Denmark–Norway) and Saint-Germain-en-Laye (Sweden and Brandenburg), restoring most of the lost territories to Sweden.[2]
- ^ Sundberg, Ulf (2010). Sveriges krig 1630–1814 [Sweden's wars 1630–1814] (in Swedish). Svenskt militärhistoriskt bibliotek. p. 178. ISBN 9789185789634.
- ^ The Scanian War 1675–79 Archived 27 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine. Educational site for high schools created by Oresundstid Archived 27 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine.