Scapular

For the shoulder bone, see Scapula.
Black scapulars worn by Cistercian monks as part of their religious habits
The devotional scapular of Our Lady of Mount Carmel or "Brown Scapular"
Look up scapular in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

A scapular (from Latin scapulae, "shoulders") is a Western Christian garment suspended from the shoulders. There are two types of scapulars, the monastic and devotional scapular; both forms may simply be referred to as "scapular".[1][2] As an object of popular piety, a scapular serves to remind wearers of their commitment to live a Christian life.

The "monastic scapular" appeared first, perhaps as early as the 7th century AD in the Order of Saint Benedict.[3] It is a length of cloth suspended both front and back from the shoulders of the wearer, often reaching to the knees. It may vary in shape, color, size and style. Monastic scapulars originated as aprons worn by medieval monks, and later became part of the habits for members of religious organizations, orders or confraternities. Monastic scapulars now form part of the religious habit of monks and nuns in many religious orders.[4][5]

The "devotional scapular" is a much smaller item and evolved from the monastic scapular. Devotional scapulars may be worn by individuals who are not members of a monastic order. The devotional scapular typically consists of two small (usually rectangular) pieces of cloth, wood or laminated paper, a few inches in size, which may bear religious images or text. These are joined by two bands of cloth. The wearer places one square on the chest, rests the bands one on each shoulder and lets the second square drop down the back.[6][7]

In many cases, both forms of the scapular come with a set of promises made by or to the faithful who wear them. Some of the promises are rooted in tradition.[8][need quotation to verify][9][need quotation to verify]

  1. ^ J L Neve, 2007, Churches and Sects of Christendom ISBN 1-4067-5888-4 page 158
  2. ^ Catherine Fournier, 2007, Marian Devotion in the Domestic Church Ignatius Press ISBN 1-58617-074-0 page 18
  3. ^ Mackenzie Edward Charles Walcott, 2008, Sacred Archaeology Kessinger Publishing ISBN 978-0-548-86235-3 page 70
  4. ^ William Johnston, Encyclopedia of Monasticism ISBN 1-57958-090-4 page 310
  5. ^ "Customary". The Order of Saint Luke. Retrieved 24 June 2019. The scapular is the apron of a servant and symbolizes our commitment to servant ministry. It is worn by lay and clergy alike without distinction, thus symbolizing our shared ministry and mission.
  6. ^ James O'Toole, 2005, Habits of Devotion: Catholic Religious Practice in Twentieth-Century America, Cornell University Press ISBN 978-0-8014-7255-8 page 98
  7. ^ Matthew Bunson, 2004, Encyclopedia of Catholic History, OSV Press ISBN 978-1-59276-026-8 page 804
  8. ^ Frances Andrews, 2006, The Other Friars: The Carmelite, Augustinian, Sack and Pied Friars in the Middle Ages, ISBN 978-1-84383-258-4 page 33
  9. ^ Samuel Phillips Day, 2009, Monastic institutions BiblioLife ISBN 1-103-07534-9 page 108