Schulze is a German surname, from the medieval office of Schulze, or village official. Notable people with the surname include:
- Andrew Schulze (1896–1982), clergyman and civil rights activist
- William August Schulze, rocket scientist recruited in 1945 by Operation Paperclip
- Edmund Schulze (1824–1878), German organ builder, or four previous generations of his family in the same profession
- Ernst Schulze (1789–1817), German poet
- Ernst Schulze (chemist) (1840-1912), German biochemist and grandson of Gottlob Ernst Schulze
- Hans Schulze (disambiguation) [de]
- Horst Schulze, founder of The Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company
- Frank Schulze (born 1970), German footballer
- Franz Hermann Schulze-Delitzsch (1808–1883), German economist
- Franz Eilhard Schulze (1840–1921), German anatomist and zoologist
- Friedrich August Schulze (1770–1849), German novelist
- Gottlob Ernst Schulze (1761–1833), German professor and philosopher
- Hans-Joachim Schulze (born 1934), German Bach scholar
- Harro Schulze-Boysen (1909-1942), left-wing German publicist, Luftwaffe officer, and anti-fascist resistance fighter
- Johann Heinrich Schulze (1687–1744), German academic, inventor of a primitive photogram
- John Andrew Shulze (1774–1852), Pennsylvania politician and governor
- Klaus Schulze (1947-2022), German musician
- Klaus-Peter Schulze (born 1954), German politician
- Lara Schulze (born 2002), German chess master
- Ludwig Schulze, Papua New Guinean politician
- Paul Schulze (1887-1949), German zoologist and tick taxonomist
- Richard Schulze (disambiguation)
- Willibald Schulze, German writer
- Paul Schulze (born 1962), American actor