Seat 12

Pope Pius XII (1945)

Seat 12, also known as Operation Seat 12, was a left wing disinformation campaign conducted by the Soviet Union during the Cold War to discredit the moral authority of the Vatican because of its outspoken anticommunism.[1][2][3] claims of the operations existence were first made in 2007 by Ion Mihai Pacepa, a general who headed the Romanian secret service before defecting to the West in 1978.

  1. ^ Mindell, Cindy (November 25, 2008). "Pope Pius XII: The Case For - and Against - Canonization". The Jewish Ledger. Hartford, Connecticut. Archived from the original on April 10, 2015.
  2. ^ Poprzeczny, Joseph (April 28, 2007). "The Cold War: How Moscow framed Pope Pius XII as pro-Nazi". News Weekly. Balwyn, Victoria. Archived from the original on October 16, 2009.
  3. ^ Follain, John (February 18, 2007). "KGB and the plot to taint 'Nazi pope'". The Times. London, UK.