Semyon Budyonny | |
|---|---|
 Budyonny in 1943 | |
| Birth name | Semyon Mikhailovich Budyonnyy |
| Born | 25 April 1883 Platovskaya, Don Host Oblast, Imperial Russia (present day .svg){kind=small} Proletarsky Raion, Rostov Oblast, Russia) |
| Died | 26 October 1973 (aged 90) Moscow, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union |
| Buried | |
| Allegiance |  Imperial Russia (1903–1917)  Russian SFSR (1917–1922)  Soviet Union (1922–1954) |
| Service |  Imperial Russian Army .svg){kind=small} Red Army Soviet Army |
| Years of service | 1903–1954 |
| Rank |  Marshal of the Soviet Union (1935–1954) |
| Commands | 1st Cavalry Army Moscow Military District Southwestern Direction Reserve Front North Caucasus Front |
| Battles / wars | |
| Awards |  Hero of the Soviet Union (three times)     Cross of St. George, 1st–4th Classes |
| Other work | Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1919–1973) |
Semyon Mikhailovich Budyonny[1] (Russian: Семён Миха́йлович Будённый, romanized: Semyon Mikháylovich Budyonnyy, IPA: [sʲɪˈmʲɵn mʲɪˈxajləvʲɪdʑ bʊˈdʲɵnːɨj] ; 25 April [O.S. 13 April] 1883 – 26 October 1973) was a Soviet cavalryman, military commander during the Russian Civil War, Polish-Soviet War and World War II, and politician, who was a close political ally of Soviet leader Joseph Stalin.
Born to a poor peasant family from the Don Cossack region in southern Russia, Budyonny was drafted into the Imperial Russian Army in 1903. He served with distinction in a dragoon regiment during the First World War, earning all four classes of the Order of St. George. When the Russian Civil War broke out Budyonny founded the Red Cavalry, which played an important role in the Bolshevik victory; Budyonny became renowned for his bravery and was the subject of several popular patriotic songs. In 1922 he also became commander of all the troops in the north Caucasian military district. While serving as inspector of the Red Army's cavalry (1924–37) and commander of the Moscow military district (1937–40). As a political ally of Joseph Stalin, he became one of the original five Marshals of the Soviet Union. He was one of the two most senior army commanders that survived the Great Purge and in post at the time of German invasion of the USSR in 1941. After the Soviet forces under Budyonny's command were routed in the battles of Kiev and Uman, he was removed from frontline command. He received the blame for many of Stalin's military strategic errors in the early part of World War II, but he was retained in the Soviet high command. In 1953 he resumed his post of inspector of the cavalry.
Budyonny was a staunch proponent of horse cavalry. During the Great Purge, he testified against Mikhail Tukhachevsky's efforts to create an independent tank corps, claiming that it was so inferior to cavalry and illogical that it amounted to "wrecking" (sabotage). After being told of the importance of the tank in the coming war in 1939, he remarked, "You won't convince me. As soon as war is declared, everyone will shout, 'Send for the Cavalry!'"[2]
- ^ Also transliterated as Budennyj, Budyonnyy, Budennii, Budyoni, Budyenny, or Budenny.
- ^ Simon Sebag Montefiore, Stalin: The Court of the Red Tsar (2003), p. 331.