The Sethupathis are a Tamil clan of the Maravar community native to the Ramanathapuram and Sivaganga district of Tamil Nadu, India.[1][2] They were from the 12th century considered independent kings in 16th century who ruled the Ramnad kingdom, also known as Maravar country.[3] The male rulers of Ramnathapuram also bore the title of "Sethupathi" or "protector of the bridge", the bridge here referring to the legendary sacred Rama's Bridge (Adam's Bridge),[4][5][6] while female rulers bore the title "Nachiyar". Among the 72 poligars (feudal title of chieftains under Nayaka rulers) of the region, the Sethupathi stood first. This special position was conferred not based upon the revenue that his kingdom generated but because of his military prowess. Back in the beginning of the 18th century, the Sethupathi ruler could mobilize a considerable army, about 30,000 to 40,000 strong at short notice (one week).[7]
Under the Madurai Nayak king Muthukrishnappa Nayak, the first recorded Sethupathi, Saidaikan who assumed the title Udaiyan Rakunatha Sethupathi was installed as ruler from 1606–1621.[8] The Sethupathis who were under the suzerainty of the Madurai Nayak, gained its full independence in 1702. The Ramnad Kingdom lost its independence under British Empire and became a Zamindari divided into the Ramnad estate also called Greater Marava and Sivaganga estate also called Little Marava.[3][9]
- ^ N.Y.), Institute for Research in History (New York (1982). Trends in history. Institute for Research in History. p. 134.
- ^ Bloomer, Kristin C. (10 November 2017). Possessed by the Virgin: Hinduism, Roman Catholicism, and Marian Possession in South India. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780190615116.
- ^ a b Scherl, Richard Brian (December 1996). Speaking with mariyatai: A linguistic and cultural analysis of markers of plurality in Tamil (Ph.D. thesis). The University of Chicago. pp. 81, 83. ProQuest 304278470.
- ^ "Sethupathi Tondaimans". The History of Tamil Nadu.
- ^ "Holder of History: The Ramnad Sethupathis". Hindustan Times. New Delhi. 26 July 2008. Archived from the original on 23 October 2012 – via Highbeam.
- ^ "Sethupathi Dynasty of Ramnad - Guardians of Rama Sethu". Bridge of Ram. Archived from the original on 6 October 2011.
- ^ Pamela G. Price. Kingship and Political Practice in Colonial India. Cambridge University Press, 14-Mar-1996 - History - 220 pages. p. 26.
- ^ Journal of Tamil Studies. International Association of Tamil Research, International Institute of Tamil Studies. 1987. p. 79.
- ^ Caldwell, Bishop R. (1989). History of Tinnevelly. Asian Educational Services. p. 210. ISBN 9788120601611.