| Shajar al-Durr | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sultana of Egypt | |||||
 Dinar coin of Shajar al-Durr | |||||
| Sultan of Egypt | |||||
| Reign | 2 May – 30 July 1250 | ||||
| Predecessor | Al-Muazzam Turanshah | ||||
| Successor | Izz al-Din Aybak | ||||
| Regent of Egypt | |||||
| Regency | 21 November 1249 – 27 February 1250[1] | ||||
| Born | c. 1220 | ||||
| Died | 28 April 1257 Cairo | ||||
| Burial | Cairo | ||||
| Spouse | |||||
| Issue | Khalil | ||||
| |||||
| Religion | Sunni Islam | ||||
Shajar al-Durr (Arabic: شجر الدر, lit. 'Tree of Pearls'), also Shajarat al-Durr (شجرة الدر),[a] whose royal name was al-Malika ʿAṣmat ad-Dīn ʾUmm-Khalīl Shajar ad-Durr (الملكة عصمة الدين أم خليل شجر الدر;[b] died 28 April 1257), was a ruler of Egypt. She was the wife of As-Salih Ayyub, and later of Izz al-Din Aybak, the first sultan of the Mamluk Bahri dynasty. Prior to becoming Ayyub's wife, she was a child slave and Ayyub's concubine.[4]
In political affairs, Shajar al-Durr played a crucial role after the death of her first husband during the Seventh Crusade against Egypt (1249–1250 AD). She became the sultana of Egypt on 2 May 1250, marking the end of the Ayyubid reign and the start of the Mamluk era.[5][6][7][8]
- ^ Stewart, John (1989). African States and Rulers. London: McFarland. p. 8. ISBN 0-89950-390-X.
- ^ Abu Al-Fida, pp.66-87/Year 648H.
- ^ Al-Maqrizi,p.459/vol.1.
- ^ Ruggles 2020, p. 98.
- ^ Some historians regard Shajar al-Durr as the first of the Mamluk sultans. – (Shayyal, p.115/vol.2)
- ^ Al-Maqrizi described Shajar al-Durr as the first of the Mamluk sultans of Turkic origin. " This woman, Shajar al-Durr, was the first of the Turkish Mamluk kings who ruled Egypt " – (Al-Maqrizi, p.459/ vol.1)
- ^ Ibn Iyas regarded Shajar al-Durr as an Ayyubid. – (Ibn Iyas, p.89)
- ^ According to J. D. Fage " it is difficult to decide whether this queen (Shajar al-Durr) was the last of the Ayyubids or the first of the Mamluks as she was connected with both the vanishing and the oncoming dynasty". Fage, p.37
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