Shammar

Shammar
Qahtanite
The flag of Jabal Shammar is used by the Shammar tribe.
Ethnicity	Arab
Nisba	al-Shammari
Location	Saudi Arabia Kuwait Iraq Syria Jordan
Parent tribe	Tayy
Branches	Abdah Aslam Sinjarah
Language	Arabic
Religion	Islam
Surnames	Al-qhalba - Al-Tanaia -Al-Sanaeis

The tribe of Shammar (Arabic: شَمَّر, romanized: Šammar) is a tribal Arab Qahtanite confederation, descended from the Tayy, which migrated into the northern Arabian Peninsula from Yemen in the second century. It is the largest branch of the Tayy, and one of the largest and most influential Arab tribes. The historical and traditional seat of the tribe's leadership is in the city of Ḥaʼil; where most of the people of the tribe of Shammar are found, in what was the Emirate of Jabal Shammar in what is now Saudi Arabia.^[1] In its "golden age", around the 1850s, the Shammar ruled much of central and northern Arabia from Riyadh to the frontiers of Syria and the vast area of Upper Mesopotamia (Arabic: الجزيرة, romanized: al-Jazīra, lit. 'the region').

One of the early famous figures from the tribe was the legendary Hatim Al-Ta'i (Hatim of Tayy; died 578), a Christian Arab renowned for generosity and hospitality who figured in the One Thousand and One Nights. The early Islamic historical sources report that his son, Adi ibn Hatim, whom they sometimes refer to as the "king" of Tayy, converted to Islam before Muhammad's death. Another figure from Tayy during this period was Zayd al-Khayr, a prominent member of Tayy who is said to have led Tayy's delegation to Muhammad accepting Islam.^[2]