| Shapur III 𐭱𐭧𐭯𐭥𐭧𐭥𐭩 | |
|---|---|
| King of Kings of Iran and non-Iran[a] | |
 A depiction of a king killing a leopard on the "Klimova Plate" (Hermitage Museum), presumed to be Shapur III | |
| Shahanshah of the Sasanian Empire | |
| Reign | 383 – 388 |
| Predecessor | Ardashir II |
| Successor | Bahram IV |
| Died | 388 |
| Spouse | Yazdan-Friy Shapur |
| Issue | Yazdegerd I Bahram IV |
| House | House of Sasan |
| Father | Shapur II |
| Religion | Zoroastrianism |
Shapur III (Middle Persian: 𐭱𐭧𐭯𐭥𐭧𐭥𐭩 Šābuhr), was the Sasanian King of Kings (shahanshah) of Iran from 383 to 388. He was the son of Shapur II (r. 309–379) and succeeded his uncle Ardashir II (r. 379–383).
His reign was largely uneventful; to the west, a dispute with the Romans over Armenia was eventually settled through diplomacy, partitioning the area between the two empires in a manner which left most of it under Sasanian control. To the east, Shapur III lost control of the important mint city Kabul to the Alchon Huns.
He is notable for having a rock relief carved at Taq-e Bostan, depicting a scene of him along with his father. He was the penultimate monarch to have a rock relief carved, the last one being Khosrow II (r. 590–628), who mimicked and magnified Shapur III's work. The king died in 388, after reigning for five years. He was crushed by the collapsing weight of his own tent, after some conspiring nobles had cut its ropes. His son Bahram IV succeeded him.
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