Shawnee

This article is about the American Indian group. For other uses, see Shawnee (disambiguation).

Shawnee
The Shawnee Prophet, Tenskwatawa (1775–1836), c. 1820, portrait by Charles Bird King
Total population
7,584 enrolled[1]
Regions with significant populations
United States (Oklahoma), formerly Ohio, Pennsylvania, Indiana, and surrounding states[2][1]
Languages
Shawnee, English
Religion
Indigenous religions
Related ethnic groups
Miami, Menominee, Cheyenne[3]

The Shawnee (/ʃɔːˈni/ shaw-NEE) are a Native American people of the Northeastern Woodlands. Their language, Shawnee, is an Algonquian language.

Their precontact homeland was likely centered in southern Ohio.[2] In the 17th century, they dispersed through Ohio, Illinois, Maryland, Delaware, and Pennsylvania.[4] In the early 18th century, they mostly concentrated in eastern Pennsylvania but dispersed again later that century across Pennsylvania, West Virginia, Kentucky, Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois, with a small group joining Muscogee people in Alabama.[2] In the 19th century, the U.S. federal government forcibly removed them under the 1830 Indian Removal Act to areas west of the Mississippi River; these lands would eventually become the states of Missouri, Kansas, and Texas. Finally, they were removed to Indian Territory, which became the state of Oklahoma in the early 20th century.[2]

Today, Shawnee people are enrolled in three federally recognized tribes, all headquartered in Oklahoma:

  1. ^ a b Oklahoma Indian Affairs Commission. Oklahoma Indian Nations Pocket Pictorial. Archived February 11, 2009, at the Wayback Machine. 2008.
  2. ^ a b c d Callender, "Shawnee," 623.
  3. ^ "Algonquian, Algic". Ethnologue. Retrieved October 5, 2021.
  4. ^ Callender, "Shawnee," 623–24.