Shilluk Kingdom

Shilluk (Chollo) Kingdom Läg Cøllø or "Pödh Cøllø" or "Sudan" in Arabic
15th century–1861
Flag
Shilluk Kingdom (yellow) and its neighbors
Capital	Fashoda (from the late 17th century)[1]
Largest city	Fashoda
Common languages	Shilluk
Religion	Imperial cult African Traditional Religion
Government	Divine monarchy
Rädh
• 1490–1517	Nyikaangø
• 17th century	Odaagø Ocøllø[2]
• 17th century	Rädh Tugø[2]
Historical era	Late medieval to early modern period
• Established	15th century
• Disestablished	1861
Population
• (1900s)	200,000 (est)
Preceded by Succeeded by Luo peoples Egypt Eyalet Anglo-Egyptian Sudan
Today part of	South Sudan Sudan

The Shilluk Kingdom, dominated by the Shilluk people, was located along the left bank of the White Nile in what is now South Sudan and southern Sudan. Its capital and royal residence were in the town of Fashoda. According to Shilluk folk history and neighboring accounts, the kingdom was founded by Nyikang, who probably lived in the second half of the 15th century. A Nilotic people, the Shilluk managed to establish a centralized kingdom that reached its apogee in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, during the decline of the northern Funj Sultanate. In the 19th century, the Shilluk were affected by military assaults from the Ottoman Empire, resulting in the destruction of the kingdom in the early 1860s. The Shilluk king is currently not an independent political leader, but a traditional chieftain within the governments of South Sudan and Sudan. The current Shilluk king is Reth Kwongo Dak Padiet who ascended to the throne in 1993.^[3]

The monarchy (the Reth) has been political and religious in nature. The monarch guaranteed social order; his health and the health of the nation were intertwined. Worship is performed in rituals inspired by the national myth of Nyikang, the first Reth. The Shilluk monarchy and the beliefs of its people was studied in 1911 by Charles Seligman and in 1916 by British anthropologist James George Frazer in The Golden Bough. Seligman described the Shilluk form of government as a "sacred kingship".^[4]