Shimon Peres | |
|---|---|
שמעון פרס | |
 Official portrait, 2007 | |
| 9th President of Israel | |
| In office 15 July 2007 – 24 July 2014 | |
| Prime Minister | |
| Preceded by | Moshe Katsav |
| Succeeded by | Reuven Rivlin |
| 8th Prime Minister of Israel | |
| In office 4 November 1995[a] – 18 June 1996 | |
| President | Ezer Weizman |
| Preceded by | Yitzhak Rabin |
| Succeeded by | Benjamin Netanyahu |
| In office 13 September 1984 – 20 October 1986 | |
| President | Chaim Herzog |
| Preceded by | Yitzhak Shamir |
| Succeeded by | Yitzhak Shamir |
| Acting 22 April 1977 – 21 June 1977 | |
| President | Ephraim Katzir |
| Preceded by | Yitzhak Rabin |
| Succeeded by | Menachem Begin |
| Member of the Knesset | |
| In office 17 April 2006 – 13 June 2007 | |
| In office 30 November 1959 – 15 January 2006 | |
| Ministerial portfolios | |
| 1969–1970 | Immigrant Absorption |
| 1970–1974 | |
| 1974–1977 | |
| 1984 | |
| 1986–1988 | Minister of Foreign Affairs |
| 1988–1990 | Finance |
| 1992–1995 | Foreign Affairs |
| 1995–1996 | Defense |
| 2001–2002 | Foreign Affairs |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Szymon Perski 2 August 1923 Wiszniew, Nowogródek Voivodeship, Poland (now Vishnyeva, Minsk Region, Belarus) |
| Died | 28 September 2016 (aged 93) Ramat Gan, Israel |
| Resting place | Mount Herzl, Jerusalem |
| Nationality | Israeli |
| Political party | |
| Other political affiliations | Alignment (1965–1991) |
| Spouse | |
| Children | |
| Relatives | Lauren Bacall (cousin) Uzi Peres (nephew) |
| Education | |
| Awards | Nobel Peace Prize (1994) |
| Signature |  |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance | Israel |
| Branch/service | |
| a. ^ Acting: 4–22 November 1995 | |
Shimon Peres (/ʃiːˌmoʊn ˈpɛrɛs, -ɛz/ shee-MOHN PERR-ess, -ez;[1][2][3] Hebrew: שמעון פרס [ʃiˌmon ˈpeʁes] ; born Szymon Perski, Polish: [ˈʂɨmɔn ˈpɛrskʲi]; 2 August 1923 – 28 September 2016) was an Israeli politician and statesman who served as the eighth prime minister of Israel from 1984 to 1986 and from 1995 to 1996 and as the ninth president of Israel from 2007 to 2014. He was a member of twelve cabinets and represented five political parties in a political career spanning 70 years.[4] Peres was elected to the Knesset in November 1959 and except for three months out of office in early 2006, served as a member of the Knesset continuously until he was elected president in 2007. Serving in the Knesset for 48 years (with the first uninterrupted stretch lasting more than 46 years), Peres is the longest serving member in the Knesset's history. At the time of his retirement from politics in 2014, he was the world's oldest head of state and was considered the last link to Israel's founding generation.[5]
From a young age, he was renowned for his oratorical brilliance, and was chosen as a protégé by David Ben-Gurion, Israel's founding father.[6] He began his political career in the late 1940s, holding several diplomatic and military positions during and directly after the 1948 Arab–Israeli War. His first high-level government position was as deputy director general of defense in 1952 which he attained at the age of 28, and director general from 1953 until 1959.[7] In 1956, he took part in the historic negotiations on the Protocol of Sèvres,[8] which was described by British Prime Minister Anthony Eden as the "highest form of statesmanship".[9] In 1963, he held negotiations with U.S. President John F. Kennedy, which resulted in the sale of Hawk anti-aircraft missiles to Israel, the first sale of U.S. military equipment to Israel.[10] Peres represented Mapai, Rafi, the Alignment, Labor and Kadima in the Knesset, and led Alignment and Labor.[11]
Peres first succeeded Yitzhak Rabin as acting prime minister briefly during 1977, before becoming prime minister from 1984 to 1986. As foreign minister under Prime Minister Rabin, Peres engineered the 1994 Israel–Jordan peace treaty,[12] and won the 1994 Nobel Peace Prize together with Rabin and Yasser Arafat for the Oslo Accords peace talks with the Palestinian leadership.[7] In 1996, he founded the Peres Center for Peace, which has the aim of "promot[ing] lasting peace and advancement in the Middle East by fostering tolerance, economic and technological development, cooperation and well-being."[13] After suffering a stroke, Peres died in 2016 near Tel Aviv.[14][15]
- ^ "Peres". Collins English Dictionary. HarperCollins. Archived from the original on 25 June 2018. Retrieved 22 June 2019.
- ^ "Peres, Shimon". Lexico UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 24 April 2022.
- ^ "Peres". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Merriam-Webster. Retrieved 22 June 2019.
- ^ Amiram Barkat. "Presidency rounds off 66-year career". Haaretz. Archived from the original on 4 September 2007. Retrieved 6 July 2008.
- ^ Shimon Peres: The Last Link to Israel's Founding Fathers Archived 24 March 2017 at the Wayback Machine by DAVID A. GRAHAM 27 September 2016, The Atlantic
- ^ MAKING HISTORY Archived 18 February 2020 at the Wayback Machine By Benny Morris 26 July 2010, Tablet Magazine
- ^ a b Tore Frängsmyr, ed. (1995). "Shimon Peres, The Nobel Peace Prize 1994". The Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 6 August 2016. Retrieved 12 November 2007.
- ^ Affaire de Suez, Le Pacte Secret Archived 19 April 2012 at the Wayback Machine, Peter Hercombe and Arnaud Hamelin, France 5/Sunset Presse/Transparence, 2006
- ^ Eden, By Peter Wilby, Haus Publishing, 2006
- ^ Political Leaders of the Contemporary Middle East and North Africa: A Biographical Dictionary, by Bernard Reich, Greenwood Publishing Group, 1990, page 406
- ^ Israeli politician Shimon Peres dies at 93 Archived 29 September 2020 at the Wayback Machine Washington Post, 18 September 2016
- ^ "THE JORDAN-ISRAEL ACCORD: THE OVERVIEW; ISRAEL AND JORDAN SIGN A PEACE ACCORD". archive.nytimes.com. Archived from the original on 9 March 2021. Retrieved 22 April 2019.
- ^ "The Peres Center for Peace - Who We Are". Archived from the original on 27 September 2016. Retrieved 29 September 2016.
- ^ Levine, Daniel S. (27 September 2016). "Shimon Peres Dead: How Did the Former Israeli Prime Minister Die?". Heavy. Archived from the original on 29 September 2016. Retrieved 28 September 2016.
- ^ Wootliff, Raoul (28 September 2016). "Shimon Peres, the last of Israel's founding fathers, dies at 93". The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 28 September 2016. Retrieved 28 September 2016.