Shiraz

This article is about the city in Iran. For the grape known as Shiraz, see Syrah. For the wine once produced in the Iranian city of Shiraz, see Shiraz wine. For other uses for the same name, see Shiraz.

Shiraz
Persian: شیراز
City
Shiraz
Shiraz skyline
Tomb of Hafez
Tomb of Saadi
Karim Khan Citadel, Shiraz
Shah Cheragh
Shiraz Botanical Garden
Nasir ol Molk Mosque, Shiraz
Shiraz modern skyline
Clockwise from top: skyline of Shiraz; Tomb of Saadi; Shāh Chérāgh; Nasir-ol-Molk Mosque; Shiraz modern skyline; Eram Garden; Karim Khan Citadel; and Tomb of Hafez
Flag of Shiraz
Flag
Official seal of Shiraz
Seal
Nickname: 
City of Gardens
Map
Shiraz is located in Iran
Shiraz
Shiraz
Location of Shiraz within Iran
Shiraz is located in Middle East
Shiraz
Shiraz
Shiraz (Middle East)
Shiraz is located in Asia
Shiraz
Shiraz
Shiraz (Asia)
Coordinates: 29°36′36″N 52°32′33″E / 29.61000°N 52.54250°E / 29.61000; 52.54250[1]
CountryIran
ProvinceFars
CountyShiraz
DistrictCentral
Government
 • TypeCity Council
 • MayorMohammad Hasan Asadi
Area
 • City240 km2 (86.487 sq mi)
 • Land240 km2 (86.487 sq mi)
 • Water0 km2 (0 sq mi)  0%
Elevation
1,500 m (5,200 ft)
Population
 (2016 census)
 • Density6,670/km2 (18,600/sq mi)
 • Urban
1,565,572[3]
 • Metro
1,800,000[2]
 • Population rank
5th (Iran)
Time zoneUTC+03:30 (IRST)
Area code071
Routes Freeway 7
Road 65
Road 67
Road 86
Road 744
License plate63, 83, 93
Websiteshiraz.ir

Shiraz (Persian: شیراز; /ʃɪəˈrɑːz/ ⓘ; [ʃiːˈɾɒːz] ⓘ)[a] is the fifth-most-populous city of Iran[b] and the capital of Fars Province,[4] which has been historically known as Pars (پارس, Pārs) and Persis.[5] As of the 2016 national census, the population of the city was 1,565,572 people, and its built-up area with Sadra was home to almost 1,800,000 inhabitants.[6] A census in 2021 showed an increase in the city's population to 1,995,500 people.[7] Shiraz is located in southwestern Iran on the rudkhaneye khoshk (lit. 'dry river') seasonal river. Founded in the early Islamic period, the city has a moderate climate and has been a regional trade center for over a thousand years.

The earliest reference to the city, as Tiraziš, is on Elamite clay tablets dated to 2000 BCE.[8] The modern city was founded by the Sasanian dynasty and restored by the Umayyad Caliphate in 693 CE and grew prominent under the successive Iranian Saffarid and Buyid dynasties in the 9th and 10th–11th centuries, respectively. In the 13th century, Shiraz became a leading center of the arts and letters, due to the encouragement of its ruler and the presence of many Persian scholars and artists. Two famous poets of Iran, Hafez and Saadi, are from Shiraz, whose tombs are located on the north side of the current city boundaries.

Shiraz is one of the top tourist cities in Iran and is known as the city of poets, literature, and flowers.[9][10] It is also considered by many Iranians to be the city of gardens due to the presence of many gardens and fruit trees that can be seen throughout the city, such as Eram Garden. Shiraz is also a famous tourist destination in the world. Every year many tourists come from around the world to visit the city. Shiraz has historically had major Jewish and Christian communities. The crafts of Shiraz consist of inlaid mosaic work of triangular design; silverware; pile carpet-weaving and weaving of kilim, called gilim and jajim in the villages and among the tribes.[11] Dominant industries in the city include the production of cement, sugar, fertilizers, textile products, wood products, metalwork, and rugs.[citation needed] Shiraz also has a major oil refinery and is a major centre for Iran's electronic industries: 53 percent of Iran's electronic investment has been centred in Shiraz.[12] The city is home to Iran's first solar powerplant.[13] Recently, Shiraz's first wind turbine has been installed above Mount Babakuhi near the city.

  1. ^ OpenStreetMap contributors (30 September 2023). "Shiraz, Shiraz County" (Map). OpenStreetMap (in Persian). Retrieved 30 September 2023.
  2. ^ "Major Agglomerations of the World – Population Statistics and Maps". City Population. 13 September 2018. Archived from the original on 13 September 2018.
  3. ^ Cite error: The named reference 2016 Fars Province was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  4. ^ Habibi, Hassan (c. 2023) [Approved 21 June 1369]. Approval of the organization and chain of citizenship of the elements and units of the national divisions of Fars province, centered in Shiraz. lamtakam.com (Report) (in Persian). Ministry of the Interior, Council of Ministers. Notification 82840/T128K. Archived from the original on 7 December 2023. Retrieved 7 December 2023 – via Lam ta Kam.
  5. ^ Sykes, Percy (1921). A History of Persia. London: Macmillan and Company. p. 43.
  6. ^ "IRAN: Fars / فارس". citypopulation.de. Retrieved 24 December 2016.
  7. ^ last26021401.xlsx (live.com)
  8. ^ Cameron, George G. Persepolis Treasury Tablets, University of Chicago Press, 1948:115.
  9. ^ "Iran Chamber Society: Iranian Cities: Shiraz". www.iranchamber.com.
  10. ^ "Shiraz"
  11. ^ محمد جواد مطلع. "the physical features of Shiraz". Shirazcity.org. Retrieved 5 May 2011.
  12. ^ "ARSH Co. site". Arshksco.com. Archived from the original on 7 July 2011. Retrieved 5 May 2011.
  13. ^ "Iran's first solar power plant comes on stream". tehran times. 11 January 2009. Retrieved 25 September 2010.


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